Proceedings of the International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism-ICCAUA

Hints for a Neo-Baroque Aesthetic in Contemporary Architecture

Francesco Del Sole — 2023-06-16

The 17th century has always been called 'the century of flowers'. Apart from the invasion of exotic plants from the New World, the birth of the Flower Garden as a new type of exposition and the evolution of the art of gardening, the flower is a symbol of an era. Baroque architecture is defined precisely by the 'witty shapes' of the curved lines and the impressive 'decorative efflorescence'. This paper intends to highlight the neo-Baroque character intrinsically present in some of the greatest contemporary architects such as Paolo Portoghesi, Frank Gehry and Jean Nouvel who, in parallel with the rediscovery of the value of the Baroque period in the 20th century, have re-proposed neo-Baroque aesthetics and forms in their architecture, making their architecture "bloom" by proposing that dynamic of folds well described by Deleuze's philosophy. It is possible to reflect on a widespread contemporary aesthetic among the most important contemporary architects in which neo-Baroque flowers express the same qualities as the flowers found in 17th-century architecture: ephemerality and precariousness.

3D Modeling the Work Space with a Lidar Sensor-Supported Camera and Designing the Designs with Genius Loci Concept in Design Programs

Melik Ziya YAKUT — 2023-06-16

Furniture, colors and designs used in work spaces affect working performance and quality of working life. This study works with the Genius Loci concept, which expresses the original atmosphere and air of the work space. The work space was scanned with a lidar sensor-supported camera as part of the study. The obtained scanning file was transferred to a computer platform and made usable with the relevant design program. The relevant design program made it easy to adjust and see the positive effects of the changes in the re-designed work space on work performance and the person using the work space after the changes in the re-designed work space were implemented. By referencing this study, the positive direct effect on performance increase in work space can be seen in the re-designed work space.

Architectural Design with A Phenomenological Approach, A Case of Museum Sensory Experience

Maryam Al-Madhi — 2023-06-16

The phenomenological approach's role is to implement human perceptions where humans exist by perceiving and observing the surrounding in a body relation with the built environment and world surroundings, as Ponty’s philosophy addresses. Furthermore, architecture is the overall image of emerging human life aspects connected with all human sensations that reflect perceptions, experiences, and ideas. Significantly, attributes of daily experiences exist through architecture and social aspects. The purpose of the study stands to understand bodily experience through phenomenological approaches in a museum. For instance, surrounded built environment and designed atmosphere in architectural design and human sensation concerning phenomenological characteristics. In addition, phenomenological methodology through focus groups is properly considered while practising the museum's journey that attracts the user’s sensory experience and perceptions. Moreover, the study analysis results concerning human sensations and design aspects in a museum experience are promised with design awareness.

Preservation of Islamic Urban Heritage to Enhance the Users’ Expection in the Holy City of Makkah

Yahya M. Nabhan — 2023-06-16

Enhancing the Urban Heritage of the urban environment to suit religion-tourism and users' expectations and return the cityscape to Islamic urban planning and design is one strategy to improve public space in the Holy City of Makkah, and it is one goal of the Saudi 2030 Vision. This paper aims to offer historical context for the foundation of the holy city, highlight key moments in the city’s urban fabric revolution chronology up to the present day, and outline plans for the city’s future growth. This will be achieved by looking through the literature on the history of the Urban Development of the HCOM. Also, this paper used descriptive methods to examine the City’s Urban fabric evolution over the last century. The findings light how the “Sharia” Islamic norms, both permitted and forbidden activities inside Makkah’s limits, impacted the city’s urban fabric. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the rules of designing public space and highlights the sustaining Islamic Urban Heritage.

Paper-based Structures & Pop-Up Architecture: Challenges and Opportunities

Mert Mısırlıoğlu — 2023-06-16

Pop-up architecture encompasses ephemeral structures, built to be disassembled and reassembled. Among several available materials, paper is extensively used to build these temporary structures due to fabrication and sustainable reasons. Although by applying adequate production techniques paper can be used as a load-bearing component, its strength and durability might be compromised when exposed to environmental conditions. This paper aims at defining the challenges of designing and implementing paper-based structures, as well as at unveiling the potentials of using paper in pop-up architecture. In the first part, related literature and examples are reviewed to evaluate how rapid assembly, convenience of transportation, low-cost, less specialized labour in the production of components and in the assembly process, are parameters weighing in the choice of paper as structural material. The second part discusses selected case-studies, to show how paper-based components, connections, envelope insulation, transportation and assembly constraints are addressed to shape these temporary structures, thus becoming a source of inspiration for pop-up architecture.

Manufacturing processes of complex shapes and structures using 3D printing and augmented reality

Tobias Hanke — 2023-06-16

The paper describes and evaluates the design and manufacturing process of complex shapes. A parametric structure is designed on the 3D-model, its shape is evaluated on the 3D-printed model, and is manufactured on a 1:1 scale using augmented-reality (AR). The following questions arise: where are the limits for 3D-printed shapes and the limits for implementation using AR? The 3D-printed model will be used to test and evaluate the structure. Using the HoloLens with Fologram software, an attempt is made to recreate the structure with high precision. This process is tested as a hypothesis based on the quantitative, practical investigation. The influence of the use of technical hardware and digital software on the precise implementation of complex forms in the design is shown, and how the influence of digitization and related handling in the field of architecture shifts the limit of feasibility and allows new approaches to the formation of forms.

Technological innovation in earth constructions: prefabrication and 3D printing

Pichazaca Solano — 2023-06-16

This article focuses on the use and application of innovative technologies and tools in earth construction processes. It reviews the rammed earth construction system and its evolution towards prefabrication, as well as the use of earth as a raw material in the production of housing prototypes through 3D printing technology.
In order to validate earth construction as a modern and viable material, several recognized and award-winning works and prototypes at a global scale are collected and analyzed. These case studies utilize earth as the initial raw material for prefabrication and 3D printing, thus identifying the best technique that can be transferred to a developing country like Ecuador. The results of this research serve to highlight earth as a modern, alternative, and viable material that meets current demands for sustainability, energy efficiency, and housing deficit. Furthermore, its use in buildings can enhance thermal and acoustic performance due to its temperature and humidity regulation capabilities. Earth construction is also associated with promoting sustainable architecture and preserving cultural heritage. In conclusion, earth construction is a valuable option to address housing and sustainability challenges.

Comparative Study of Indoor Environmental Performance of Church Buildings in Northeast Nigeria

John A. B — 2023-06-16

Today, Christianity in Nigeria has increased in churches in large cities to the point where Nigeria now has the highest number of churches per capita globally. As good as that is, the concern of this paper was whether building professionals consider indoor environmental indices performance about worshippers' comfort and well-being. This paper aimed to compare the indoor environmental performance of church buildings to develop design guidelines for improved environmental indices performance of churches in North-East Nigeria. Ten church buildings were purposefully chosen, and the effects of temperature, CO, CO2, RH, PMs, HCHO, TVOCs, Radon, Sound, Ventilation, Moisture, Dewpoint, and Lighting were investigated using a questionnaire, observation, and indoor environmental detectors. A case study evaluation was used to evaluate this pragmatic approach. The paper found that seven out of fourteen parameters had low performance on church members in North-East Nigeria. The paper recommends that information about the danger of these indices be made public. Creating a design guideline to improve worshippers' comfort and well-being became necessary.

Natural Intelligence: Criticizing Architecture in the Digital Age

Yara Mohamed Ewida — 2023-06-16

We are currently living in the post-fourth industrial revolution era where digitalism and machine learning dominate our everyday ecology. Within architectural education, students are developing different digital techniques to express their projects in terms of plans, sections, elevations, and 3D models. Yet, with all this advanced level of information, there is a gap when it comes to critical thinking. This paper aims to put forward the foundational steps towards analyzing and criticizing architecture with the addition of a human perspective to consider the natural surroundings’ intelligence in the design morphology, materiality, and fabrication that is subject to digital infrastructure. The objective is to highlight the students' cognitive skills reinforced with digital thinking as a way to move further steps ahead of the trending market.

Origami inspired deployable structures: Future mobile healthcare for low resource settings

Md Haseen Akhtar — 2023-06-16

Deployable structures may be defined as systems that can be packed, stored, transported, and then deployed or assembled into functional configurations. The potential applications of deployable structures includes portable or modular buildings, scaffolding, bridges for construction sites and stages for events, spacecrafts with deployable solar panels, antennas, etc, tent systems for disaster relief shelters, and medical equipment such as collapsible hospital beds, examinations tables. The literature suggests many more applications but there is a gap of how to achieve such systems from a design perspective. This study takes deployable mobile clinics as an example to delve deep into the product design, development and deployment inspired by the ancient art of origami.

The Transition to Integrated Renewable Energy: A Framework for Low Energy Building Design

Amal KIRATI — 2023-06-16

Following the Paris Agreement in 2015, global attention to global warming countermeasures has intensified, as climate change is a major threat to human societies, fundamentally linked to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Given the huge impact of buildings on energy consumption, changes must take place towards a sustainable energy transition by using renewable energies such as solar energy in order to push buildings to near zero energy consumption. In this context, our work consists of clarifying the nearly zero energy building (NZEB) concept and of reviewing research articles focusing on the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in an efficient way, based on solar energy.

Prison as a Mirror: The Reflection of the Prison Concept & The Re-Evaluation of the Built Environment

Naomi Shamma-Inaam — 2023-06-15

Throughout history, the prison as a physical entity took different shapes, forms and morphs. However, the prison system was hardly ever proven effective and questions about its efficiency and objectives have been a subject of debate. This research suggests that “Prisons” do not only exist physically but also exist as a conceptual phenomenon. The concept of imprisonment was determined through studying distinctive legendary prisons while referring to written literature by Michel Foucault, Gaston Bachelard, and Edmund Bacon. A direct connection between imprisonment and the human detachment from “Nature and Life” was determined. Criteria of the concept of imprisonment were deduced in order to be able to distinguish the existence of the conceptual prison phenomenon from other heterotopic spaces. The research suggests that the concept of prison as a mirror is able to reflect the unspoken factors in the built environment which leads to the reevaluation of the current built environment in urban context. This research suggests the use of the prison criteria as a tool to read the built environment and develop the capability to avoid the phenomenon of imprisonment in urban context as well as individual spaces within the built environment.

About the regulatory framework for improving the energy efficiency of buildings: An overview of the Algerian Context

Hana SALAH-SALAH — 2023-06-16

Algeria is initiating a green energy dynamic by launching an ambitious program to support the renewable energy sector and energy efficiency. This support program named “Taka Nadhifa” is part of the strategic partnership on energy between the European Union and Algeria. The intermediate results of the program have led to the introduction of regulatory energy efficiency measures in the design and renovation of buildings. This paper reviews the inputs of the new thermal regulation related to the building sector through the examination of the produced proposals. This new vision aims on the one hand to alleviate the difficulties of implementation of the existing thermal regulation and on the other hand to integrate the attributes of the energy performance. Examples will also be presented illustrating the interest in the proposals for this new building's thermal regulation. Finally, the expected results of this new regulation will be the verification of the thermal conformity of the buildings with a first attempt to establish energy labeling.

Architecture as Images: Using Collage as Space Construction Method

Fiditya Daisy Charisma Aulia — 2023-06-16

This study deconstruct architecture as images, using collages as a method of constructing space. It argues that architecture based on images perceives space as an overlapping and multi-layered fragment of spatial and material elements. This study is conducted through a case study by analysing six collage images of utopian architectural projects, breaking down layers that overlaps and constructed the images. The findings in this study demonstrate how space have different narrative meanings, which appear as foreground-background layers. The foreground layers appear as the main argument that has a larger scale which is positioned as the top layer, while the background layers appear on a smaller scale and are positioned as supporting elements. The study concludes that these findings can be used as a method in architectural design to create a meaningful narrative of space that exist in smaller diverse parts rather than as a generic whole.

Applying the phenomenological approach to educational place: A case study analysis of a college experience through time

Ahmed Ameen Aqeel — 2023-06-16

Applying the phenomenological approach to architecture relies on integrating human experiences and sensory aspects into the designed space, materials, and light to create a place that has a lasting impact on the memory in the human mind. This experience can change if the person experiences the space at a different time. This case study focuses on some students' sensory experiences of the College of Engineering at the University of Bahrain who attended the College during their academic years and then visited it after a long detachment period. This study relies on interviews with the students focusing on their previous and actual college experience to discover the changes in the experience of the same space through different times. The promising results showcase that mental images have changed, and students' attachment has become more substantial due to detachment and time.

Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Industrial Building Energy Performance

Melike Eksi — 2023-06-16

Buildings are responsible for a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions and are a critical component in achieving climate neutrality. Researchers have focused on finding energy-efficient building envelope designs to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. However, the majority of studies did not take climate change into consideration. It is clear that more studies should be carried out to investigate the energy performance of buildings under climate change conditions. This paper provides a brief review of relevant studies and highlights the need for further investigation. Specifically, this study analyses the energy performance of a prefabricated industrial building, considering climate change conditions, using Energy Plus simulation software. The results of the study demonstrate that, due to climate change, the heating energy demand of buildings is predicted to significantly decrease. The results of this study are expected to inform strategies for reducing the carbon footprint of industrial buildings in a changing climate.

A new context for urban design: the role of drawing in the design process

Ana Paula Rainha — 2023-06-16

The composition of urban space today seems to be considered a less important issue in the practice of city development. The impoverishment process of the formal and compositional components of the urban spaces is more evident when the several and necessary knowledges in planning are contemplated and understood. These aspects imply a reflection on essential aspects of urban concerns which are mainly related to the formal composition, based on the experimentation and on the individual creativity of the designer.
This paper pretends an approach to the relevance of this subject for the urban planning, through its various phases from XV century until now, focusing on the role of the free drawing in the urban design process, concluding with its importance at several levels for the urban planning and cities development.

Environmental labeling of building sustainability: Focus on international certifications

Hocine TEBBOUCHE — 2023-08-03

The environmental labelling of sustainable buildings has become a major concern for the architectural design. Numerous building sustainability assessment methods were developed in various countries, namely the British BREEAM, the American LEED, the German DGNB, the French HQE and the United Arab Emirates ESTIDAMA. The present study aims to find the most appropriate approach that suits the Algerian context. A comparative study is conducted using an analytical procedure. The study focuses on the objectives, the evaluation procedures, the assets, and the qualitative assessment indicators for the environmental performance of the buildings. As a result, HQE of France and ESTIDAMA of the United Arab Emirates appeared to be best suited to the Algerian context.

Process of Telling the Brand Story through Space Design in Interior-Brand Interaction: The Case of Decovita Etiler Showroom Store

Amara Köprülü — 2023-06-16

The design of spaces that create an interaction area with the brand concept that makes an organization visible and unique plays an essential role in brand success. Especially in showrooms where human interaction is at the maximum, the design of the space-brand connection is critical. The process of telling the brand story through space requires analysis and research to understand the brand's values, history, culture, and vision to be reflected in the space. The stages of designing the brand-space interaction were analyzed through Decovita Showroom Store. As a result, the examined design stages start with evaluating the brand's story and the concept development phases. Then, the concept idea is designed by focusing on the brand's abstract representations, which leads to the color-texture choices and detailed decisions to be made through the space fiction.

The Appropriateness of Standing kitchen in the Indian Context

Archana Baghel — 2023-06-16

Women used to sit and cook in traditional Indian kitchens, which had floor-mounted fuel stoves. After the invention of gas cylinders, there was a significant change in the cooking position, which went from sitting to standing. Since Indian women spend the most hours cooking in the kitchen in the entire world (MUKHERJEE, 2015), standing while cooking is uncomfortable and might have negative health effects. Additionally, it makes older women dependent on other people. The objectives of this study are to compare standing and sitting cooking techniques and to determine if a standing kitchen would be appropriate in an Indian setting. The paper employs secondary data analysis, first-hand observation, and focus group discussion as part of the methodology. The paper brings out a need to re-evaluate the design of Indian kitchens so that women of all ages can work independently and comfortably.

Application Research of the "Undefined Blank Space Design Method" in Residential Interior Design - A Case Study of Interior Space Design in a Residential Community in Wuhan

Dong Hu — 2023-06-16

In China's intensive urban development and the post-pandemic era, the value of residential housing is increasingly emphasized. However, capital constraints limit the spatial requirements of residential interiors, leading to repetitive constructions lacking individual value and spatial flexibility. This study intervenes in space by expanding the traditional concept of "blank space" through empirical design research on the interior of a residential community in Wuhan. We propose a compact residential space design method based on the "undefined blank space" concept, aiming to coordinate the interior space hierarchy of commodity housing and diverse individual demands. Results highlight that the removal of non-load-bearing walls maximizes the individuality and flexibility of space. Variable combined blank interfaces enable the space to fit multiple usage scenarios. The use of transparent materials can blur spatial boundaries to make it more open. Physical blank spaces and spiritual needs must be combined to truly achieve individual demands.

Service life prediction of paint coating of Algiers building envelopes by applying a multiple linear regression analysis

Aghiles HAMMAS — 2023-06-16

The durability of a building is strongly related to the service life of its various components, including the coatings of its envelope. The paint on the building envelope is the first protective layer exposed to the harmful effects of the climate and environmental conditions. These effects are manifested over time by degradations such as color change, cracking, peeling, etc. In this contribution, a predictive model of the service life of paints coating, applied on cementitious materials of building envelopes located in Algiers, is proposed. The model is based on a multiple linear regression analysis of descriptive results of visual investigations combined with in situ tests on the degradation of the facade paints of 45 buildings sample, selected according to their age, their distance to the coast as well as their orientation with respect to the climatic factor exposures. The proposed predictive model satisfactorily reproduces the field results.

Introducing Building Integrated Agriculture as green/sustainable building concept in MENA countries: approach and constraints

Yakouta Djamaa — 2023-06-16

In recent years, the emergence of Building-Integrated-Agriculture (BIA) in developed countries has been seen as a possible solution to promoting models of sustainable and productive building in urban areas. This approach, which is based on the installation of food production methods that combine innovative technology and soil-less growing systems, permit to grow fresh fruits and vegetables in and on buildings, while exploiting their resource outputs creating new synergies between the built environment and the food production system. In this scenario, MENA region has instituted an ambitious policy to promote and foster the concept of sustainable building construction in the coming years, but faces a variety of unique challenges. The main objective of this study is to explore and examine the possibility of implementing BIA as a new approach for sustainable building construction in the MENA region, particularly in Algeria, by presenting a future perspective of the practice, and investigate its conceptual, technological, governmental, social and economic barriers.

Creating Polysemic Spaces: The Domotic Model

Amel Ghrab — 2023-06-16

“Domotics” smart home technologies are beginning to spread and become more mainstream, although their deployment and implementation remains complex and spans different competing business ecosystems. Beyond the middle-class single-family home, often at the center of smart home history.
The design workshops allowed us to gather insights into the specific challenges and opportunities of deploying smart home technologies in an environment where issues of privacy, data collection and ownership, and autonomy collide for the various smart home technologies.

Energy Performance and Sustainability of High-Rise Buildings

Jong Jin Kim — 2023-06-16

This study is to examine methods of enhancing energy efficiency and self-sustainability of tall buildings. The current levels of energy consumption of high-rise buildings were investigated. The alternative methods of producing onsite energy that can be harnessed from tall buildings wwere reviewed. The amount of solar energy that can be harnessed from PV panels installed on the roof and the south façade of a testbed building in New York was estimated. Comparing the quantities of renewable energy produced from and the energy demand of the building, the energy self-sufficiency of the building was analyzed. It was found that, with current technology, onsite solar systems can meet only a small fraction, less than 4.2%, of the building s energy demand. From this study, it was concluded that energy self-sufficiency of tall buildings must be approached by enhancing the energy efficiency of various building systems of tall buildings.

Determinants for the Types and Distribution of China’s foreign-aided buildings in the global south

Kaiyue Ma — 2023-06-15

China's domestic construction market is becoming saturated, and with the support of the government, banks, enterprises, and overseas construction is experiencing sustainable development. Over the past 70 years, China's foreign aid has involved a large exchange of funds, manpower, and materials between donor and recipient countries. Under the guidance of policies, China's construction cooperation with third-world countries has become closer, and overseas project contracting and investment and financing business still show a growing trend. Under the background of global construction technology transfer, Chinese architecture is actively going to the world. This paper discusses the current situation of China's construction assistance from three aspects: types, distribution, and primary drivers, based on a dataset of 766 relevant projects since 1949. Through quantitative and descriptive analysis by inductive reasoning, there is three findings. Constructing a comprehensive and systematic picture of China's aided buildings can give designers, researchers, and policymakers fresh insight into the impacts and further tendencies of China’s overseas architecture.

Defining Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB) for Turkey in terms of Boundary Conditions

Gözde Gali Taşçı — 2023-06-16

The European Union has presented that the building sector is responsible for 36% of greenhouse gas emissions due to energy consumption and 40% of all energy consumption. Within the framework of the EPBD directive followed to reduce fossil energy consumption in EU countries, the commission recommendation in 2016 (2016/1318) is to ensure that by 2020 all new buildings are nZEB. The current directive has further steps. In Turkey, the Regulation on Energy Performance in Buildings follows EPBD. However, the definition of nZEB in Turkey should be reviewed within its own boundaries. There are 5 different climatic regions in Turkey with different architectural characteristics. Therefore, different ways will have to be followed in terms of meeting the heating-cooling needs. This research deals with the boundary conditions that may be encountered while developing the nZEB definition for Turkey and proposes climatic definitions, additionally with a development in sectoral operation in building sector.

Study and Analysis on The Planning of The Maintenance of The Architectural Public Work, Built in The City of Azogues, Province of Cañar – Ecuador

María Viviana Saquicela Vargas — 2023-06-16

The useful life of a work is conceived from the exploitation of resources for the generation of materials, design, construction, use and operation, deterioration or demolition and, possibly, the recycling of elements; reason why at present arises the inherent need to plan the maintenance and conservation of works, especially those destined for public uipamiento, granting a longer time of service to the urban-architectural public works, built by public entities in the city of Azogues, thus providing a Greater sustainability, with a correct execution and maintenance plan, rational use of materials at the time of construction and longer service time; which reduce long-term work costs, avoiding deterioration, which is sometimes irreversible and implies a high expense in repairs or, the low of said works.

Transforming Rooftop Terraces to Third Places in Urban India

Sonia Gupta — 2023-06-16

This research explores the potential of residential rooftop terraces as a ‘third’ place for community activities in urban India, where increasing density has throttled access to open spaces. During the COVID-19 lockdown, usage of shared and private terraces saw a surge and was being used for various purposes. An online survey was conducted to assess the usage types and to understand potential preferences for taking advantage of this largely underused resource. Response from across India within varied age groups and types of terrace users indicated opportunities for more than socialising, amidst passively cooled roofs. Almost all who had access to a roof terrace wanted to use the space in a manner that is inclusive and engaging for the residential community. Formulation of recommendations, based on this community aspiration and sharing with building permit authorities, is one of the outcomes of this study.

Evaluation of the Energy-Positive Aspects for Optimal Construction Efficiency through Material Realism

Manali Deshmukh — 2023-06-16

Developing upon the tenets of SDG 7 and SDG 11, this paper studies the relationship between materials used in 21st century construction and their characteristic scope for energy-positive application in the housing segment of India against the levels and criterias of ‘Optimal Construction Efficiency through Material Realism’ (OCEMR). Hence, the hypothesis of the research is that ‘climate considerate architecture’ can become ‘climate-positive architecture’ upon application of optimization techniques to improve the construction efficiency by understanding a material and its construction processes and their many aspects to lower corresponding Global Warming Potential (GWP). In this paper, the concept of an OCEMR is analysed and later formulated based on variables like material choice, regionality of materials, mode of application of materials, available range of alternative material and technology, lifecycle studies of materials, the materials’ timeline of carbon emissions, et cetera. Certain factors deduced through a base case using One-click LCA suggest relationships between the aforementioned variables which can be used to measure material-oriented choices in construction against a framework to optimise sustainability, affordability of construction efficiency.

Investigation of Passive Design Criteria in terms of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption for Mosques: Istanbul Case

Ahmet Bircan Atmaca — 2023-06-16

The thermal comfort level of the mosques affects the prayer efficiency, the activity duration and the health of the users. Also, it is an important parameter to keep energy consumption at a minimum level while providing acceptable thermal comfort in the indoor environment. In order to ensure thermal comfort and to use energy effectively, it is necessary to pay attention to passive design criteria in the design process of mosques. Within the scope of this study, design criteria such as location, environment variables, building form, plan scheme, etc. were investigated according to the regulations and standards, manuscripts in the literature. This paper will be a base for researchers in future studies on mosques.

The 3Rs(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) of Waste Management – An effective and Sustainable Approach for Managing Municipal Solid Waste in Developing Countries

Femi Emmanuel Arenibafo — 2023-06-16

As the population of the world increases, more and more places are becoming urbanized; production and consumption rates are on a speedy rise. The inevitable consequence of high consumption rate around the world is the high volume of solid waste generated, thus, there is urgent need to properly manage generated wastes. The developing countries are at high risk of environmental degradation because of the way their solid waste is been handled due to lack of waste management infrastructures, policy framework and orientation.
This research is based on a comprehensive review of relevant scholarly written literatures for an in-depth understanding of the concept of waste, it sources, composition, treatment, disposal, and general management of MSW (municipal solid waste) in places around the world. In a more specific way by answering the WH(What and how) question on common and everyday items used and easily dispose of by individual. With the approach and framework brought forward by this study, it aims to meet economic and environmental obligations of the ecosystem.

Lighting design for public spaces using innovative luminescent technologies

Alessandro Spennato — 2023-06-16

For several years, urban lighting has been regarded as a functional tool that can only guarantee safety and orientation for citizens. In addition to safety and light pollution, a phenomenon that has been at the centre of numerous debates for several years now, there is everything to do with saving energy and reducing the costs of urban lighting. Reducing even some of the considerable consumption of energy resources would benefit both economically and ecologically. Research led to the identification of space in the Abruzzo region. After analysing the park's current state, the question was asked: how can the garden be redeveloped by paying attention to ecological aspects and new technologies? The project aims to intervene in specific areas of the park to redevelop the context under analysis through new technologies, stimulating a new awareness of the lighting culture of spaces.

Technology, Mobility, and Security. Elements to Introduce in an App Mobile as a Strategy to Survive in Vulnerable Areas

Dulce Esmeralda García Ruiz — 2023-06-16

In Mexican and Latin American cities, the increase in insecurity in urban, intra-urban, and peripheral areas is alarming. In a context in which the use of information and communication technologies is essential in practically all socioeconomic strata and ages. We wonder if a mobile application could be a strategy to survive in this climate of insecurity in cities. The problem was analyzed using a methodology based on security urban perception and social cohesion indicators, comparative analysis of main apps used in secure mobility, and survey and interviews with a focus on daily journeys from 3 socio-spatially segregated neighborhoods of the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara, Mexico as study cases. The results highlight the importance of daily security in cities, furthermore, allowed us to identify the main elements to integrate into the design of a mobile application with parameters in security and mobility as a key strategy to create and reinforce networks of social cohesion.

Evaluating the Role of City Improvement Trusts or Boards in Shaping Salutogenic Character of Urban Areas: Case of Bangalore City

Anupama Doravari — 2023-06-16

The city of Bangalore sprawls over 741 sq.mt and is likely to grow consistently in the coming decades with approximately 100 million USD in investments committed in 2022. With climate changes and post Pandemic regulations- the city of 13 Million people is facing a challenging situation where the quality of life-particularly health, needs to be balanced for all its residents. uses Case Study method to understand- the diverse parameters defining the role of City Improvement This paper aims to examine the role and scope of the City's Improvement Trust in shaping its salutogenic character. This paper reviews the framework from which the Trust derives authority, the models of operation, its criticism from the public domain, and its ability to meet future challenges. This research Trust, its limitations, and to develop a matrix for the same. The paper concludes with guidelines for the future of such bodies in metropolitan Indian cities.

The Development Status and Trends of Urban Lighting Masterplans in China - A Qualitative Study Using NVivo Software

Xinyuan Cai — 2023-06-16

In recent years，with the development of nighttime economy, the rising demand for characteristic city image, and the emergence of advanced and intelligent lighting technologies, the construction of urban night landscapes in China has entered a new period. Chinese municipal governments have started to introduce new urban lighting masterplans to meet the new demands of urban development. This paper takes the latest urban lighting masterplan texts released by 20 Chinese cities since 2017 as the research object, and uses NVivo software to conduct coding visual analysis, matrix analysis and cluster analysis on the masterplan texts to summarize the principles, objectives, construction contents, implementation and guarantee policies of these new urban lighting masterplans, and compare them with the previous lighting masterplans. Finally, extracting the focus of China's urban lighting construction and its future development direction, providing a basis for the formulation of urban night landscape policies and industry standard systems.

The Aesthetics of the Contemporary Urban Landscape and its Implications for Well-Being

Axel Andrés Rodríguez Betancourt — 2023-06-16

In an increasingly urban world, more citizens are exposed to urban landscapes, including the aesthetics of these environments. Despite psychological research supporting the existence of a positive relationship between environmental aesthetics and well-being, the aesthetics of contemporary urban landscapes (UL) are subordinated to variables such as functionality and economic redeeming. The purpose was to study how citizens perceive contemporary UL in terms of aesthetics and how this relates to well-being. Using photographs of UL in an online questionnaire, quantitative and qualitative ratings of aesthetics and well-being were obtained of 63 participants. Results showed that contemporary UL were perceived as less aesthetic than traditional UL and associated with words suggesting a negative connotation. Analyses could not confirm a positive relationship between UL aesthetics and well-being. A qualitative analysis revealed a tendency to evaluate well-being negatively in relation to contemporary urban landscapes. As these findings suggest that aesthetics should be considered in urban planning, further research should focus on the possible relation between UL aesthetics and well-being.

Towards an economic efficiency of the space of the public place Case of the public places of city of Biskra / Algeria

HANAFI Abdelhakim — 2023-06-16

The public place is not just a simple public outdoor space for the circulation and meeting of townspeople it is to create a set of psychological reactions and to grow the notion of urbanity. The use of the public place relates to the entire life cycle of townspeople. It concerns the practices and uses implemented by all parts in the public place. This communication seeks to find out how and by what means to optimize the economic efficiency of the public place space from its landside. That is to say, to account in the medium and long term for the land reserved and consecrated for public place in a city or town in general.
Through this research, we will try to see the different possible forms of optimization relating to activities, land and the form of the public place, while looking for the appropriate form of optimization for the public place of the city of Biskra / Algeria, a city in a semi-arid zone.

Quantifying the Effect of the Built Environment on Surface Runoff using GIS and Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Ibex Hill-Lusaka

Penjani Hopkins Nyimbili — 2023-06-16

Flash floods are short-period floods with a high peak discharge. Flash floods may be brought about by an increase in rainfall coupled with the rise of impervious surfaces. Accurate estimation of surface runoff and flood depth is therefore a vital task in coming up with ways to intercept and manage excess surface runoff. The study was carried out in Salama Park – Ibex Hill of Lusaka City with a total area of 1,074,822m2. The research focused on quantifying the surface runoff for the years 2019 to 2021 using the Soil Conservation Curve Number (SCS-CN) method, Remote Sensing and GIS. The excess runoff was calculated to range between 306.787mm to 600.419mm and the flood depth computed ranged between 1.665m to 3.260m. The relevance of this study is to understand the mechanisms and examine the impact of excess surface runoff on the built environment as well as its associated consequences.

Examining Relationships between Spatial Pattern of Green Infrastructure and Urban Heat Island (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)

Behnaz Amin Zadeh-Gohar-Rizi — 2023-06-15

Green infrastructure (GI) is one factor that reduces the intensity of Urban Heat Islands (UHI). The research results related to the relationship between the spatial pattern (composition/configuration) of urban GI and UHI show contradictory results. Some researchers emphasized the negative relationship between MPS and ED criteria, while other researchers found positive results in these criteria. Based on this, this study was conducted in the metropolis of Tehran, which is located in the center of Iran and has undergone many changes. The method is based on Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification, measuring the landscape metrics (CA, ED, MPS, LSPI), and analyzing the relationships through Pearson correlation and partial Pearson correlation. These results showed that it is possible to influence the reduction of LST by planning suitable GI spatial patterns, So that urban planners and designers should focus on creating green infrastructure with dense trees in urban centers, and on the other hand, pay attention to air circulation flows in Tehran metropolis based on the height of buildings.

Understanding the urban structure of the Algerian cities using emerging data: Case study of Algiers

Amira Khalida Oubraham — 2023-06-16

Despite the identification of urban structure and urban centers being crucial for effective policy making (transport policies, urban risk management policies etc) there is a serious lack of studies covering developing countries' urban structure changes, especially north African cities. This is mainly due to the unavailability of the necessary data for urban structure identification. In this contribution we investigate the polycentric development in the Algerian capital, Algiers, using innovative data resources such as LandScanTM High Resolution Global Population Dataset and the POI approach, and spatial statistics. The findings suggest that the structure of Algiers is indeed developing into a polycentric city. The emerging data helped us overcome a serious methodological problem and objectively identify the city structure for better planning.

Change From A Residential Area To A Tourist Area: Eskisehir-Odunpazari

Özlem Büyüktaş — 2023-06-16

Due to the neoliberal economy, which is characterized by the dominance of the private sector and the provision of various opportunities for private capital, the regulation of existing spaces and their ownership is based on free market conditions. The growing influence of neoliberalism has led to the implementation of policies that aim to strengthen the competitive urban environment, with strategic planning of cultural activities. As a result, cities strive to compete in the global market by leveraging their cultural assets to support their economic infrastructure. This is often achieved through various practices, including the construction of iconic structures that enhance the visibility of cities within the neoliberal system and bring economic benefits, as well as the gentrification of urban areas . The desire of Odunpazarı to gain recognition and visibility, influenced by economic policies such as competition and branding, has resulted in its transformation from a residential area into a tourist destination featuring museums, cafes, and accommodation options like the Balmumu Museum (2012) and Kent Belleği Museum (2012). This analysis will be supported by a review of relevant literature, aiming to assess the current situation.

LULC geospatial OLI/Landsat -7 -8 -9 analysis of Sitakunda Container Depot: MLE and Kappa accuracy for Coastal Urban Sprawl and Infrastructure Change

Salvatore Polverino — 2023-06-16

The extent of this research aims to demonstrate a Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change over a coastal-industrial area of Sitakunda, part of Chittagong region in Bangladesh. Its reference information has included important drivers for this industrial area of 4.00 km², that highlight its suburban growth that uncontrollably has disaggregated the rural landscape, in a period ranging from 2009 to 2022. Our geospatial analysis has started with the observation of the BM Container Warehouse, that has been recently interested by a dreadful fire.

Sustainable Brownfield Redevelopment: A Solution to Control Urban Sprawl

Merin S. Cherian — 2023-06-16

With the expansion of cities, meeting the requirement of increase in population has always been a concern for the environment. As a consequence of urbanization, surge in tenancy, need for recreational spaces and increased congestion within the cities, its boundaries are expanding rapidly, occupying the outskirts of the same for new infrastructural development. This causes problems such as uncontrolled urban sprawl.
This paper intends to highlight the impact of urban sprawl on a city and how it can be mitigated by implementing strategies like brownfield redevelopment, retrofitting and revitalization of existing structures for mixed use developments which will not only allow us to retain the natural habitats surrounding the city but will also prove to be a suitable sustainable approach towards urban development.

Adaptable Public Space, An Essential Parameter of a Resilient City and of Risk Prevention and Management, Case of Blida City – Algeria

Amal Khadidja CHEBOUB — 2023-06-16

With population growth, climate change and increasing risks, cities are becoming more vulnerable. Therefore, strengthening their resilience requires a strategic exploitation of public open spaces, beyond its traditional role, through its important potential for adaptability and mitigation. Our contribution aims to explore the role of public open spaces in the prevention and management strategies of major risks in Algeria (Blida). We proceed by evaluating the capacity of public open spaces to respond to risks situations through a reading of the proposed strategies by the Algerian rescue plan; Accompanied by an international case study which examines the strategies of the use of public open spaces in case of major risks. Finally, a fieldwork survey completes this reading. The conclusions of this research reveal an under-exploitation of public open spaces, that must be integrated into an emergency intervention scheme, while also identifying choice indicators for selecting adaptable public open spaces.

Exploring the Characteristics of the Creativity in Metropolitan Areas of Developed and Developing Countries

Cihan Mert Sabah — 2023-06-16

A social environment that is open to all kinds of creativity and diversity, and attractive art and cultural areas, makes metropolitan areas successful in attracting creative people and thereby promoting economic growth. This study examines metropolitan areas in developing countries and developed countries in terms of talent, technology, tolerance, and creative professions, and also analyzes the creative class characteristics that best explain the creativity of different metropolitan areas. Using a literature review, the concepts of creativity are identified, and the characteristics of metropolitan areas at different socio-economic levels are analyzed in detail by comparing them with quantitative research methods. As a result, metropolitan areas in developed countries stand out in terms of talent, technology, and tolerance in creativity, while metropolitan areas in developing countries are effective in terms of lifestyle and originality.

Regeneration problems. Reconciling human settlement with the planet

Ugo Rossi — 2023-06-16

The human activities of the last two hundred years have upset the natural balance of the planet, to the point that the Anthropocene has defined the current geological era in which the Earth’s environment has been so conditioned by human action that its effects are comparable to those produced by the geophysical forces that shaped the Earth over millions of years ago.
Such a scenario led to the current disorientation towards any intervention to implement the planetary utopia of a culturally, socially and economically developed world in integrated communities. The depletion of resources and the upheaval of the natural balance are the conditions and challenges with which humanity and architects must measure themselves, making an enormous effort to preserve the utopian qualities of the planet. These qualities can be pursued today through two main strategies: escaping from the Ecumene, retiring into a sort of hermitage, or aiming for its regeneration.

Reframing Development with Living Infrastructure: A Case Study of the South Essex Green and Blue Infrastructure (SEGBI) Strategy

Alexandra Steed — 2023-06-16

We are headed towards a global crisis: climate change, ecological collapse, and population expansion are threatening planetary boundaries as never before. We must urgently tackle these issues together. Entire ecosystems must be regenerated rather than trying to tackle issues in isolation. We were tasked with creating a green and blue infrastructure strategy in the 70,000-hectare region of South Essex - a place threatened with sea-level rise, flooding, and significant growth pressures. A ‘land-based’ methodology was applied, and a co-design approach was undertaken with community stakeholders to create a spatial framework based on living biophysical systems and ecological infrastructures that can reshape and drive future planning and development. The resulting SEGBI Study provided a ground-breaking model for the delivery of sustainable growth. It demonstrated how the application of living infrastructure has the capacity to address climate change and ecological collapse while also supporting sustainable housing, resilient communities, and regenerative infrastructures.

The resilient city: What urban form characteristics to adapt to flood risks? (Case of the city of Skikda-Algeria)

Lamia Leulmi — 2023-06-16

Disaster risk reduction has become a global consensus and an integral part of sustainable development. The built environment can mitigate or exacerbate the spread of flood risks and help to achieve resilience. This paper questions the characteristics of resilient urban forms to adapt to flood risks in urban areas. This concern was analysed using a methodology based on urban morphological indicators, applied to the city of Skikda in north-eastern Algeria.
The results identify five key factors of resilient urban form which are: connectivity, diversity, redundancy, modularity and finally efficiency; their potential is to identify gaps and uncertainties to establish possible links between geometric parameters characterizing urban forms and key indicators of urban flood severity.

Urban Lived experience of Contemporary Iconic Architecture in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Kavithasree Suvarna — 2023-06-16

Architecture, of all art forms, is bound to influence people's daily lives. The 20th century witnessed brisk urban developments. SKYSCRAPERS have become a new dialect of urbanism, tied to the ideologies of tall buildings, generating a so-called ‘ICON” that stands tall and twisted several times, backed with design principles. This study documents the procedure of conducting a pilot research for a questionnaire-based investigation and fieldwork observation, examining the perception and sensory experience of the people living among the extraordinary superstructure, ‘THE BAHRAIN WORLD TRADE CENTER’ and the factors that leave an impression on their minds and impact their bodily experience, addressing the grandeur, the scale, the place where its located, and the technology or materials that have been used.

The landscape and biophilic perspectives of the new city of Guelma Hdjar El Mangoub 1 1 Professor Dr. Fatima-Zahra DJOUAD, 2 Candidate.

Fatima-Zahra DJOUAD — 2023-06-16

Biophilic design is a human-centered approach that seeks to strengthen our connection to natural processes within the urban space. The new city of Guelma: Hdjar EL Mangoub is characterized by breathtaking landscapes, beautiful mountains and strong vegetation. In this sense, it is a question of researching and showing the extent to which natural elements are taken into consideration in the development of this new city as essential elements of its urban design. The adopted methodology serves to define the key frameworks of urban design according to a biophilic approach. The results obtained show the presence of a biophilic design defined by the first experience of nature.

Spatial Analysis of the Islands of Kaveri: Exploring landscape themes using placemaking indicators

Balaji Venkatachary — 2023-06-16

Every river's islands allow a variety of uses, assigned to them by the primary stakeholders over centuries of habitation. Identification of these islands based on thematic classification would aid in the decision-making process.
Kaveri is a significant river from the south of India, also one of the seven holy rivers. Besides creating a host of unique landscapes, several of its islands are inhabited and also culturally significant.
This paper will document and study islands of river Kaveri using parameters such as land use, demography, heritage components and narratives from popular media. Some of these islands are known for their exceptional cultural and natural significance. GIS will be used to map and analyze these islands and its attributes. Thematic classification will be arrived at using indicators of placemaking. This paper will set a precedent to look at river islands and provide a tool kit to classify island landscapes.

The agricultural and historical origin of an urban green infrastructure: Madrid-Río

Iván González-Truco — 2023-06-16

Madrid-Río is a recent green infrastructure built in Madrid, a linear park of multiple uses that sought to connect the historic city center with the less favored neighborhoods of the south, to bring them spatial and socioeconomically closer to the center. Our purpose is to detect, in this new urban space, the traces of its origin in agricultural uses linked to the river. These uses widely extended since the city became capital, had their reflection in several historical places, such as Casa de campo, Paseo de Virgen del Puerto, etc., which have been tried to integrate into the new project. The methodology used combines the analysis of historical cartography, with historical data and own analytical planimetry. The findings are to detect historical focal points and their relevance, locate the footprint of spaces of agricultural origin in the current park and, more broadly, assess their value in the functioning of GI.

Reading Landscape Designs Through Spatial Triad Theory: The Case of High Line

Merve Feyza Ergan — 2023-06-16

Landscape architects should benefit from spatial theories in social sciences in order to understand the reflections of their designs on space production processes. Lefebvre's theory of space provides an important basis for research in the social sciences. According to H. Lefebvre, the triad of perceived, designed and lived space is based on three interrelated dimensions of space: spatial practice, representational spaces and representations of space. Spaces produced with these three dimensions are social products. In this study, the relationship between spatialization and social transformation is analyzed within the scope of critical analysis through the High Line Park, one of the globally famous landscape designs of the spatial triad theory. Knowledge about the ways in which the process of spatialization affects social transformation makes it easier to understand the role of designers in the discipline of landscape design. The engagement of designers in this process, whether consciously or unconsciously, can lead to an increase in the pressure of design practices on spatial practices. In this context, design practices need to focus on place rather than neoliberal discourses and analyze in depth how the dynamism between the spatial triad can develop.

A Manual for Reducing Heat in Jeddah’s Urban Parks to Enhance Elderly’s Experience

Rafeef AlQurashi — 2023-06-16

This thesis focuses on improving urban parks to enhance elderly experience and offer a better quality of life. It analyzes both their physical and emotional needs and delves into ways to enhance their experience when visiting parks in Jeddah. The target users of this study were both the elderly, aged 65 and above, and their companions. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, needed information was gathered from both groups. Statistics were analyzed and showed that heat was a common factor affecting the quality of experience for park visitors. To further investigate the issue and acquire better solutions, precedent studies were analyzed. The aim of this research is to fill an existing gap locally by researching the effects of high temperatures on park visitors, specifically the elderly, and ways to implement solutions through redesigning urban parks in the city of Jeddah. The changes proposed, following the 2030 vision will aid in enhancing the quality of life for citizens and encourage healthy living.

Experiencing spaces and places through human senses with the presence of nature

Darine T. Zacca — 2023-06-16

The theory of “Percept, Affect, Concept” by Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari will be the methodology for discovering the impact and the presence of nature on experiencing spaces, in some chosen iconic architectures such as “Villa Savoye” by Le Corbusier, “Fallingwater” by Frank Lloyd Wright and “Swiss Soundbox” by Peter Zumthor, ranging from modern to contemporary architectures.
How can the presence of nature lead to a multisensory unique experience of Space?
A committed, integrated, or convoked nature will form the main topic of the architectural multisensory experience of spaces, atmospheres, experiences, and memories of a place, of what was learned, of what was lived, and memories of places as well as “Genius Loci”, to have such a unique experience.

Consideration of the Position and Effects of Sacred Places in Urban Morphology in the Context of the Kaaba and its Surroundings

Sema Kızılelma — 2023-06-16

This research aims to explain the effects of holy places on urban morphology, based on the meaning of holy places arising from the needs of different beliefs, through different examples in the world. The effects of holy places on urban morphology will be explained through examples of holy places worldwide. Finally, the existence of the holy places in the city, whose positions and beliefs in the world are discussed, are supported by the necessary maps and drawings, and their differences and similarities are emphasized. In light of these data, the effects of the changes in the structure and urban space on the urban morphology from the first construction of the Kaaba in the city of Mecca in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia to the present are examined. From the literature on urban morphology, "factors shaping urban morphology" have been revealed. The change in the urban morphology of the Kaaba and its surroundings is discussed through these factors. The study is expected to contribute to the literature by considering the concepts of sacred space and morphology through a concrete sacred space.

The Walkability of Alvalade Neighbourhood for Young People: An Agent-based Model of Daily Commutes to School

Mafalda Teixeira de Sampayo — 2023-06-16

The Alvalade neighbourhood in Lisbon, Portugal, was built in the mid-XX century as low-cost housing for workers, but it has become inhabited by the middle and upper classes. The neighbourhood is home to a large population of young people, including children and teenagers who attend the schools located in the area. We present an agent-based model which aims to investigate the walkability of the neighbourhood for these young people, focusing on the mobility patterns of children and teenagers as they navigate their daily routines of going to school. We simulate the pedestrian movement of these young people, considering factors such as the availability of sidewalks, crosswalks, distance to schools, and the presence of other amenities. Our research reveals the mobility patterns emerging in this area and compares them across the different schools in the area. These results inform both urban policies and interventions that promote safe and accessible routes to school.

Installation of Photovoltaic Panels on Historic Buildings and Heritage Areas: Lessons to Learn and Consideration for North Cyprus

Ayten Özsavaş-Akçay — 2023-06-16

The preservation of heritage areas and historic buildings and the adoption of new technology to reduce energy losses in these buildings are simultaneously crucial. In various cities around the world, the installation of photovoltaic panels (PV panels) on historic buildings has expanded recently. This study focuses on examining the standards and guidelines for installing PV panels on historic buildings and heritage areas to investigate the key considerations and requirements that are necessary for successfully integrating PV panels into historic buildings. Furthermore, it examines the possibility of installing PV panels on historic buildings, taking into account the specific conditions of Northern Cyprus. Then some recommendations are presented for the development of a planning guide for the installation regulations of PV panels for historical buildings in Northern Cyprus to facilitate coordinated cooperation between cultural heritage areas and PV panels, ensuring the preservation of valuable historic buildings while using sustainable energy solutions for the future.

Place Identity translating into Culture: the town of Rajapur in the cultural region of Konkan

Prachitee Naik — 2023-08-04

This paper deals in defining the place identity of cultural town of Rajapur, located in the Konkan region. Rajapur is the valley situated at the confluence of the 'Arjuna' and ‘Godi’ river. Artistic temples, attractive mosques, Peshwa period structures at Jawahar Chowk and Varchi Peth are all adorning the town. The settlements of Rajapur that are the subject of this study have historical and cultural values with structures of regional culture, natural patterns, and traditions. Today, some parts of these settlements are totally neglected due to changing lifestyles, socio-economic conditions, and approaches towards rural areas. Paradoxically, Konkan is known for the coast and is the main magnet for a day’s tourist destination. The heritage is losing its identity due to unsustainable tourism, development pressure, social, economic and political issues. However, Rajapur consists rich history, cultural background, traditional housing, geology, and other factors that make it an important town in South Konkan.

Requalification of urban identity according to the history of the place: the Kasbah of Algiers

Menouer Ouassila Ouassila — 2023-06-16

Valorization of cultural heritage is a matter that has, always, been based on principles such as consideration of the complex and dynamic nature of cultural expressions, respect for the old substance, the distinction between old and new, and the use of new technologies,…1. These considerations can mark out the operations of preservation of the historical heritage, particularly the urban heritage, in a global strategy for its enhancement. This contribution presents an approach based on the history of the place for the insertion of the new in the old. The Kasbah of Algiers is an illustration of the approach.

Ritual void in the sacred architecture of Montenegro

Nemanja Milićević — 2023-06-16

Sacral architecture has always aimed at the ritualization of space, which gained its spatial form by making the void. Common to all religions is the need to create a grandiose space with a "sacred void", which achieves mystification, sublimity, as a special experience of the religious space. Historical examples show that religion has demonstrated its power precisely through volumetrics that exceeded expected proportions. However, contemporary realizations of sacral architecture point to the need for a redefinition of the "sacred void". In this sense, the goal of this work is analysis the smaller scale of the sacral void, which is present in numerous examples of sacral architecture in the Balkans. In this paper, several relevant examples in the territory of Montenegro will be processed, whose idea of emptiness remains as a consequence of religious, cultural, but also contextual conditions, where the wall - the beginning, as a building element of emptiness, plays an important role.

Kent Kimliğinin İnşasında Koku Duyusu ve Etkileri

Zehra Çakır — 2023-06-16

İnsanlar günde binlerce kez koku alır ve her bir koklama yeni bir deneyim oluşturmaktadır. Her mekânın hem üretilen malzemeden hem sahip olduğu peyzajdan hem de orada gerçekleştirilen işlevlerden kaynaklı olarak kendine has bir kokusu vardır. Ancak uzun yıllar mekân kokuları yalnızca olumsuz yönden ele alınmış ve bireyle olan ilişkisi göz ardı edilmiştir. Mekân, an ve birey arasında doğrudan bağlantının önemli bir aracı olan koku duyusunun görmezden gelinmesi ortak bir koku kimliğinin ve belleğinin oluşmasına engel olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı koku duyusunun kentsel mekânın algılanmasında, kent kimliğinin ve mekânsal belleğin oluşmasındaki etkilerini araştırmak ve kentsel tasarım çalışmalarına koku duyusunun dahil edilmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma süresince konuyla ilgili kaynaklar taranmış, gönüllülerle saha çalışması gerçekleştirilerek derinlemesine mülakat yapılmıştır. Sahada gerçekleştirilecek mekânsal analizlerle ve gönüllülerin katılımıyla elde edilecek verilerle de nitel bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonucunda koku, mekân algısı ve kentsel kimlik kavramları arasındaki etkileşimin saptanması hedeflenmiştir.

The Irreplaceable Construct of a Place in History: Dhanyakuria, India

Sonia Gupta — 2023-06-16

The rich annals of history are illuminated by stories of great civilizations. However, Dhanyakuria, West Bengal, India flourished little known, concurrent with rise of the most powerful empire in the world at the time which had its capital in neighbouring Kolkata. This study looks at identification of this place that nurtures socio-cultural processes from its inception, through analysis of socio-political and resultant economic circumstances leading to creation of a unique arrangement of physical spaces. While establishing pointers towards reasons for creation of this built asset it traces relationships and connections with authorities, occupants and larger community. It is realised that a sense of awe in the present day lingers because the soul of the place is enshrined within and beyond the tangible, reaching much wider realms of consciousness. This acknowledgement of spiritual and cultural resilience of Dhanyakuria provides great impetus to the dynamic circularity and protective transmission of the spirit of a place.

The Aesthetic of Arabic Calligraphy and Islamic Ornamentation in the Door of the Holy Kaaba in the Saudi Era: An Analytical Study

Duaa Mohammed Alashari — 2023-06-16

This article aims to identify the aesthetic of Arabic calligraphy and the Islamic ornamentation units embodied in the honourable door of the Kaaba in the Saudi era, according to a systematic analytical perspective, to reveal the effectiveness of the principles of artistic design that enhance the aesthetic of the Kaaba's door. The honourable Kaaba section contains many artistic and aesthetic values that added to its visual rhythmic beauty and luxury and enhanced the sense of aesthetic and spiritual artistic value for Arabic calligraphy and Islamic ornamentation units. In this study, the researcher will use the structural content analysis approach because this approach aims to study and analyze based on an external perspective. The researchers conclude that the aesthetic of Arabic calligraphy stems from the use of the apparent Thuluth style among the linear configurations of geometrical shapes in the door of the Kaaba.

Evolution of Roof Systems in Ancient Coptic Churches: form 4th to 9th Centuries

Maha AbouBakr Ibrahim — 2023-06-16

Few roof structures remain unscathed from the 4th to 9th centuries in the history of Egyptian architecture generally. The relatively large amount of well-preserved early roof structures in churches in Egypt is used as a point of departure to structurally define medieval Egyptian roof structures. Investigations of actual roof structures along with study of written sources provide the basis for the study, beside site visits if the structure still exists. The structures are defined according to inherited known systems, economics, politics, building materials and semiotics. We can grope an occurring evolution in the design of the churches’ roofs. The medieval roof structures of Coptic churches can generally and concisely be described by tracing them and putting them in a chronological order. This study completes the constructed mental image about that period, and provide architects with simple architectural solutions within communities that enjoy the exitance of multicultures.

Integrating Natural and Cultural Heritage for Sustainable Small Cities: Network of Eco-Cultural Routes on The Danube Region, Serbia

Biserka Mitrović — 2023-06-16

The paper represents a part of the research conducted through the EU Interreg project DANUrB+ (Danube Urban Brand), which gathered six European countries including Serbia around the common goal: to foster the development of small cities along the Danube region through sustainable and heritage-based tourism and cross-border cooperation. One of the main outcomes of the project was the development of Action plans, defined by the set of goals and specific methodology, which included: analysis of strategic regional and local planning documents; field study; meetings, workshops and surveys with local stakeholders; research through participation, and thematic exhibitions. The Action plan for Golubac, the city with a declining population in the Eastern part of Serbia, represents a model for shaping new authentic tourist products and routes by combining natural and cultural heritage, and it could serve as a knowledge base and unique methodological model for action planning and building self-sustaining communities.

Synchronic Phenomenological Analysis Urban Identity Buildings

Özge Zenter — 2023-06-16

In today's architectural design, besides the expectation of function, the meaning of the design in human perception is important. From the past to the present, the relationship between "urban and identity" has come to the fore more in design. Especially in Modernism, with the effect of globalization-global capitalism, competition between cities has increased and architectural products have become a country promotion tool. The concepts of place and space have changed in architecture; a process in the universalist style consisting of typified buildings that have no connection with the place has begun. Contrary to this attitude, it is seen that the buildings that can be the symbol of the country-city and aim to present the image of different cities are intensified. As one of the ways to give an identity to a city; symbolic buildings, which give information about the place, are the current approach in architecture. In this study, examples of buildings, which are considered as urban symbols, have been examined in diachronic and synchronic. As a phenomenological analysis method, building samples were analyzed in the context of C. Norberg-Schulz's "Genius Loci" concept and Roland Barthes's “Semiological” principles. As a result, the urban symbol buildings which analyzed diachronically and synchronously.

Image of a Sacred City: Portraying Sacred values of Historic Urban Landscape of Sylhet city, Bangladesh

Ferdous Rahman — 2023-06-16

The Historic Urban Landscape Approach by UNESCO presents a new perspective on urban conservation by visualizing cities as a living cultural landscape, changing the traditional idea of the "Historic city” concept. Like many Indian sub continental cities, the cultural-religious spaces have continuously shaped the urban morphology of Sylhet over time and given it an identity as a sacred city. The purpose of this study is to identify Sylhet's spiritual layers through cultural mapping and attempt a critical assessment of the sacred scapes' connectivity to the city's historic urban landscape. This mapping method consists of four methodological steps: proper identification, data collection, documentation, and digital mapping of cultural resources. This research will give heritage scholars better insight into the sacred roots of the historic urban landscape process. The spatial layers of religious heritage sites can be used as an essential instrument for urban planning and to develop a heritage-led vision for the city.

Globalization and the Challenge of Urban Identity

Hourakhsh Ahmad Nia — 2023-06-16

The concept of identity has been greatly influenced by globalization, which has brought an influx of people, ideas and cultural influences to cities. This comprehensive review examines existing literature to explore how globalization has impacted the formation and preservation of identity. The study delves into the role of globalization, in shaping the social and architectural aspects of cities. It also addresses the challenges cities encounter in safeguarding their identities amidst standardization. The findings reveal that although urban identity has been significantly affected by globalization cities are actively countering these changes through preserving practices promoting local arts and culture and designing public spaces that reflect their unique character. This research enhances our understanding of the relationship between globalization and urban identity while offering insights, into how cities can retain their individuality in an evolving world.

Smart Access to the Past: Studying Digital Applications for Interaction with Cultural Heritage

Sara Tarek — 2023-06-16

The last decades witnessed an amalgamation between cultural heritage practises and digital technology, resulting in a new heritage experience. The presented research addresses the problem of lacking in specific guidelines or frameworks for generating efficient and memorable experiences for heritage sites using digital technologies (like VR and AR). Subsequently, it investigates the preservation of heritage and its impacts on different users. The study answers two main questions: How do new immersive technologies enhance the efficiency and attractiveness of experiencing cultural heritage sites? And how does new technological integration with heritage sites communicate the cultural significance of tangible and intangible heritage? In doing so, the study focuses on theoretical and empirical aspects of users’ engagement in digital heritage applications by investigating the impact of a virtual tour of the cultural heritage site of Abu Simbel Temple in Aswan, Egypt. The results of the literature investigation and the empirical experiment resulted in the development of a conceptual model for generating an interactive digital experience for heritage sites to facilitate the analysis and evaluation of the presented digital projects.

Historical Analysis of the Sümerbank Factories Established in Accordance with the First Five-Year Industrialization Plan

Begüm Kök — 2023-06-16

In its foundation years, The Republic of Turkey has adopted a development model based on modernization, innovation and the principle of statism in its economic policies. In this respect, the First Five-Year Industrial Plan, which includes the priority needs of Turkey, was prepared and the state started to build new factories in the 1930s. These factories not only brought employment and innovation to the city where they were located, but they also played an important role in shaping the life style of the Early Republican Period. Among the factories built in accordance with the First Five-Year Industrial Plan, this study aims to focus on Sümerbank factories, where the foundations of economic and social development were laid, and examine their transformation in the historical process. Firstly, an extensive literature review was conducted on the Sümerbank factories established between 1933 and 1938. Following that, the site selection criteria of Sümerbank factories located in different regions of Turkey and their physical aspects during the establishment phase were examined. Finally, by documenting the existing features of these industrial heritage places, a general assessment was made on the transformation from the 1930s to the present.

Architectural production of Shanghai in modern times

Zhihao Li — 2023-06-16

The research was mainly focused on Shanghai’s architectural production in the 1920s and 1930s. At that time, Shanghai was once called “the Paris of the East” and “the New York of the West”, which is easy to take credit for foreign architects who came to Shanghai with the colonists, and the first generation of foreign-trained Chinese architects. However, there is little discussion of how the political and economic climate affected architectural production, especially the interaction between international and local factors. Through the exploration of the historical materials and using qualitative and quantitative analytical methods, the paper would examine how international and local political-economic actors synergistically produced the architecture and urban landscape at that time, as well as how they stimulated the boom of the Shanghai construction industry and real estate appreciation. This study also has significant implications for reflection on the contemporary transnational architecture and urbanism of Shanghai.

Community Based Tourism for Economic Growth: A Case of Mawlyngot the Urlong Tea Village in Meghalaya, India

Nishith Srivastava — 2023-06-16

The significance of Tourism and more specifically the Community Based Tourism was realized in the wake of global pandemic situation. The growing trends towards the popularity of niche tourism such as the Community Based Tourism was a notable change. Tourism is today recognized as one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The question however remains, should the benefits of the industry be limited to select few. Is the industry benefiting local communities who deserve their fair share?
The research paper attempts to answer this, citing the example of Mawlyngot village which was a sleepy village full of social evils. The village has seen transformation after promotion of local tea through community-based efforts and promoting Tourism. Based on the structured interactions with the key stakeholders and the local community the paper examines the key factors leading to such transformation.

Adaptive Reuse of Abandoned Jute Mills Along the Hooghly River in Bengal: A Sustainable Approach

Debalina Ghosh — 2023-06-16

Heritage structures presently in dilapidated state, abandoned due to social, cultural, or demographic shifts are experiencing unprecedented revitalization as they are being used as anchors for redevelopment. Today we can build energy efficient structures that require almost no carbon footprint to operate annually but still require plenty of resources and energy to build them. Thus, preserving, and repurposing old structures into new, mixed-use developments becomes a more sustainable option. Parts of the Bengal region of India were once colonial settlements of Europe and therefore, the colourful heritage of the Europeans continues to be visible in towns along the Hooghly River. This paper aims to explore the possibilities of adaptive reuse of the abandoned Jute Mills along the Hooghly River with the objective of historic preservation and sustainable design to create functionally efficient spaces.

Acoustical characterization of Taramati Baradari

Syed Azhar Akhtar — 2023-06-16

India has a very rich and diverse cultural heritage and when studying from one built form to another, it can be observed that each plan and architectural form has a very close association with the purpose it was built for. The use of daylight in these structures is very well documented and studied, the acoustics of the structure are hidden, especially for a place of worship and performance. It needs special attention and should be addressed subjectively. The effect of architectural form and elements on the acoustics of the structure needs to be documented and studied. It should be documented using acoustical instruments like omnidirectional sound source and handheld analysers and ODEON and EASE 4.3, a simulation of the space should be done to understand the original setting of that structure. Taramati Baradari in Hyderabad will be used as a case study.

A qualitative approach to investigate stakeholders' perceptions of heritage in the tourist-centric colonial hill town of Mussoorie, India

Samiksha Chaudhary — 2023-06-16

The colonial hill towns in India inherited the predominant architectural style and cultural mannerisms from a mother country before undergoing transformations that reshaped their authentic cultural landscapes. In developing countries like India, the negligence of colonial tourism concerning stakeholder involvement is a perpetual phenomenon. As the primary custodians of heritage, stakeholders have a significant role in tourism management plans. Thus, the present study comprehends the stakeholders’ perceptions of heritage in the colonial hill town of Mussoorie, India, through in-depth interview surveys. The qualitative Inductive research approach is implemented for data synthesis. Findings elucidate that involvement of the stakeholders in Mussoorie’s tourism, and heritage management can provide a remedial impact to the large–scale destruction imposed on the colonial lineage for decades. The research will inform practitioners and researchers about a methodological approach to developing the relationships between the heritage's tangible and intangible aspects for preparing holistic development plans.

Architectural Decoding and Analysis of the Krishnabai Temple in Mahabaleshwar, India: A Comprehensive Documentation Study

Shreya Parikh — 2023-06-16

This research paper represents a detailed documentation study and architectural analysis of Krishnabai temple, located in Mahabaleshwar, India. The temple is built in the Hemadpanti style of Architecture, which celebrates the origin of River Krishna and hence gets its name from. The paper focuses on the architectural nuances of this ancient monument like its form, spatial order, built character, construction systems, details etc. The paper investigates the historic and physical features of this structure through a systematic survey and detailed architectural documentation. Inspite of being an ASI -protected monument, the structure is under the threat of decay and anthropogenic destruction without an effort of conservation and less maintenance. Moreover, this research will lay a foundation for future conservation work for the monument and also will contribute to the study of the historic temple architecture of India.

Heritage Building Conservation Projects Decision-Making Processes

Burcu Balaban-Ökten — 2023-06-16

Restoration projects of historical buildings involve decision-making processes that require researchers from different fields of expertise to work together. One of the most challenging stages of conservation projects is making decisions. Scientific committees need information about the entire life of the buildings to decide on conservation strategies. In addition, communication and information exchange between stakeholders are critical issues in restoration projects. This research examines restoration projects from a project management perspective with a systematic literature review. In this study, firstly, a literature review was conducted to see the decision-making processes in historical heritage research. Then, by using the content analysis method, the main themes of the current research were determined. The problems experienced in the field are mostly project management based. Some of the important research themes are determined as, special laws for conservation projects, collaborative planning, risk management, resource management, and interdisciplinary work environments.

Libya’s Cultural Heritage Sites at Risk: Problems, Challenges and Risks After the 2011 Revolution

Fatma Seila Seila — 2023-06-16

Libya has numerous heritage sites dating back to different historical eras in many regions, of which five are included in the World Heritage List. These sites suffer from a wide range of human threats, which increased after the Libyan revolution in 2011. UNESCO urgently called for the protection of several sites in Libya. This paper will focus on the increased human risks to heritage sites in Libya after its liberation. We aim to determine the damage caused to Libyan heritage sites and to what extent the war contributed to the emergence of these risks. This research builds on first-hand data gathered from governmental and institutional reports concerned with Antiquities in Libya and published reports of international organisations that worked in Libya during and after the war. The paper concludes that the lack of authority, the weakness of its administrative institutions, and human dangers are some of the challenges facing heritage sites in Libya.

Land Uses Integration in Revitalization of Heritage Urban Sites: Foah City as a case study

Mohamed M. Youssef — 2023-06-16

heritage areas are considered an asset within the city's urban context, their value on the socio-economic body of urban city mechanism is important for land-uses planning in the revitalization process. despite that fact, heritage sites in Foah city are neglected and not involved in any kind of planning process. This paper highlights the importance of heritage site integration in the urban planning process to maximize the socioeconomic role of land-uses planning aspects in heritage cities. Foah City ranked third of the most important heritage cities in Egypt after Cairo city and Rasheed City. it has around 26 historical buildings that form an important heritage action area in the heart of the city. The results highlight the role of land-uses planning and revitalization approaches that ensure the benefits of integrating these 26 historic buildings in the socio-economic process of Foah City

Evaluation of Cultural Heritage Conservation in the Context of Low-Carbon Urban Development

Zerrin Bostan — 2023-06-16

The problem of climate change threatens the destruction of urban identity by negatively affecting the structure of cities. There is no strategy determined for 'urban protected areas' in the arrangements made for the solution. Contributing to the national 'sustainable development' goals, within the framework of energy efficiency, it is aimed to contribute to the evaluation of innovative application approaches and the determination of strategies for the current renewal methods of cultural assets. Literature review and face-to-face interviews were used as methods. A comparative analysis of the application differences between the repair of a national historical building and the repair of an international historical building was made. As a result; In order to increase the quality of urban life in protected areas, the basic principles of urban renewal should be considered integrated with all strategies and a climate action plan should be made from the national level to the local level.

Discovering the current situation, future possibilities, and challenges of Parki Beach, Chittagong: A center for sustainable tourism opportunities

Sadia Ibnat Raisa — 2023-06-16

Parki Beach, situated in Anowara, Chittagong, is a well-known tourist destination in Bangladesh that beautifully frames the country with its natural enchantments. The research study identifies the variables that will enable this virgin beach to become one of the top tourist sites in the country in the foreseeable future. The single most pressing issue confronting nature-based tourism today is how to effectively manage tourism destinations so that the resources that visitors come to experience are maintained. In light of this, the study includes an understanding of the current state and the sociocultural, economic, and environmental effects of tourism development in the area. The paper will compare similar tourist destinations and evaluate them using SWOT analysis. Finally, the findings of this study will suggest a method for better-analyzing visitor requirements and for creating more effective regional policies, regional plans, and an all-encompassing strategy for expanding tourism sustainably in the Parki Beach region.

A Morphological Study of the Ancient Buddhist Monasteries of Bengal

Pushpita Eshika — 2023-06-16

Vajrayana, or Bengali Buddhism, was a significant derivation from traditional Buddhist schools of ancient India. This Buddhist school was erected in ancient Bengal, adopting the prevailing esoteric tantric practices, and reigned every corner of Bengal from around the 7th to the 13th century. This morphological research focuses on the spatial layout of five Bengal Buddhist monasteries constructed between the 5th and 12th centuries and tries to find the underlying pattern of evolution through the lens of the philosophical development of Buddhism in Bengal. The findings show a significant shift in the morphological character of the Bengal Buddhist monastery after the 8th century ad. The introduction and growth of tantra-oriented Buddhist schools, primarily the Vajrayana school, played a vital role in the spatial evolution and transformation of the Buddhist monasteries of Bengal. This study tries to unveil how religion's intrinsic and extrinsic forces shaped forms and spatial patterns of Buddhist architecture in Ancient Bengal.

The place and the project. The Fornace Morandi along the Brenta River: project proposals for a new park in Noventa Padovana, Italy

Enrico Pietrogrande — 2023-06-16

Noventa Padovana is a town in the province of Padua, located a short distance from Venice. This contribution considers the wide area, today in degraded conditions, including the ruins of a kiln for the production of tiles and bricks which was built at the end of the 19th century by the Morandi family. The furnace was definitively closed in the 1960s and the area remained abandoned for several years. In 2006, the property was acquired by the Municipality of Noventa Padovana and this made it possible some essential maintenance work, providing the basis for a project that will enable the population to fully enjoy this large green area. This subject has been recently investigated by our students at the ‘Architectural and Urban Composition 2' course taught on the master’s degree in Architectural Engineering at the Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering of the University of Padua.

Identification of Risks in Restoration Projects of Immovable Cultural Heritage

Batuhan Göç — 2023-06-16

Activities for the conservation of cultural heritage around the world are gaining importance day by day. Restoration of immovable cultural heritage has an important place among conservation activities. Restoration projects have different dynamics from standard construction projects. This causes restoration projects to have inherent risks. For a successful restoration project to be realized, these risks must be systematically addressed within the framework of a comprehensive risk management plan. The research aims to determine the risks in the restoration projects of immovable cultural heritage and to prepare the basis for a comprehensive risk management system. After the research topic and the literature review, the risk management process and risks in restoration projects were classified based on the existing literature, and risks were defined for each category. The significance levels of the identified risks were determined as a result of the Delphi questionnaires, which consisted of three stages in which a group of experts participated, using the Delphi Analysis Technique. The most critical risk categories and risks that experts agreed on were determined. The findings obtained as a result of the research will contribute to the efficiency of the process by supporting a planned risk management process for the stakeholders

Reconstruction and Restoration of Monuments as a part of City Identity Formation: Case Study of Teuku Umar’s Kupiah Meuketop Monument in Meulaboh City, Indonesia

Julicia Utari Abdullah Dariyah — 2023-06-16

Teuku Umar’s Kupiah Meuketop Monument is the structure endorsed by the Meulaboh City government to represent the city as the land of Teuku Umar. Initially, the Dutch colonizers built the monument to celebrate the killing of Teuku Umar, a hero of the independence rebellion in Aceh. However, after Indonesia’s independence, it was structurally and conceptually reconstructed by the local government and an NGO to foster the formation of city identity. How did the process change the monumentality of the structures? To answer this inquiry, semi-structured interviews and field observation was conducted to perform an analysis of the responses by the Meulaboh City residents and government officials toward the monument. As a result, the responses from the residents showed positive recognition and integration towards the reconstructed and restored monument as intended by the government officials. The study significantly contributes to the scholarship of identity formation boosted by monument construction in Indonesia.

Cultural Heritage as a Potential for Connecting Settlements along the Danube River - Case Study

Milena Krklješ — 2023-06-16

The aim of the research is to identify potential that cultural heritage (both tangible and intangible) has on the connection of different settlements and countries along the Danube River. It is considered that the same historic and cultural backgrounds are not always necessary to develop great connections among people and to provide visitors to recognize local values of different locations. Recognition and preservation of cultural heritage can be generating elements to connect different places and cultures in a unique framework that can include tourist attractiveness and distinctiveness. With improvements of the visibility of cultural heritage and creation of comprehensive spatial and cultural network, connection of communities along the river Danube could bring benefit not just on local level, but also to the whole region.

Preserving The Shoreline: A Potential Approach of Eco-Architecture on The Seacoast of Bay of Bengal

Mahbuba Afrin — 2023-06-16

The natural beauty of the coastline of the Bay of Bengal is undoubtedly heavily scenic, with the sea on one side and green hills on the other. To preserve this mesmerizing beauty of the remote area of Inani, the project aimed to establish an eco-friendly tourism hub following an eco-architecture approach without creating any visual disruptions to nature and featuring the ecological, social, cultural, and socio-economic aspects. The methodology involved designing and implementing low height structures using sustainable and recycled materials on the site to ensure a full panoramic view from every level of design so that the tourists can enjoy every drop of connection with nature. This successful eco-friendly design has created a sense of environmental awareness among the locals of this remote area, who came to know a different aspect of architecture that focuses more on the environment's potentiality rather than designing a concrete jungle.

Role of Traditional Craft in Shaping the Historic City of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh

Kirti Bhardwaj — 2023-06-16

Moradabad is known as the Brass City of India. The paper would cover the study of the tangible heritage of Moradabad including the understanding of the historic city and identifying the historic structures of the old city. The second one would be to study the Intangible Heritage of Moradabad focusing on identifying the traditional brass making areas. This aspect would also focus on documenting the ‘karkhanas’ where they make brass items and the traditional knowledge system involved in the craft. This study would be based on primary on-site surveys.
After studying both the layers, the paper would also try and find the connection between the traditional craft and the historic city. Artisans from the major backbone of the city. The conditions in which they are working has a direct implication on their health, the paper would aim to study these issues and give design solutions/ proposals for the same.

Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) of the ruined and damaged architectural heritage in Upper Kama Region (Russia)

Svetlana Valentinovna Maksimova — 2023-06-16

Building Information Modeling is a tool for the disappearing architectural heritage and environment recreation in 3D virtual reality. The article presents the information modeling experience of ruined and damaged architectural heritage, located in theUpper Kama region in the north Perm Kray (Russia) . The Scan to HBIM technology applied for modeling: information modeling based on laser scanning and a photogrammetric survey. The challenges of the work process are specified. Using the collected data (archival documents and engineering survey results), the parameters of each building's elements are supplemented with information about the history, damage, transformation, and condition of structures and architectural elements. Historic photographs helped to restore the buildings' 3D appearance. Archival descriptions provide the colour and coating materials' characteristics. Full-fledged virtual copies of ruined Orthodox churches of the Upper Kama region were created. The article proposes further work using obtained 3D-information models, including gamification, and virtual and augmented reality.
Keywords: Architectural Heritage; Heritage Building Information Modeling; Laser scanning; Virtual reconstruction.

The spatial narrative of Island Cultural Landscapes: A Case of Lakshadweep Group of Islands, India

Safiya MD — 2023-06-16

Islands are known for their distinctive landscapes, which have greatly influenced the cultures and societies of the people who have lived there. Islands are unique, geographically isolated places with specific physical and cultural traits that are significantly influenced by the environment and the ocean. The cultural landscapes of islands manifest in several ways such as land use, agriculture, and in the form of architecture. It also encompasses intangible heritage such as cultural practices, myths, stories, and rituals. This paper aims to explore the Lakshadweep group of Islands within the existing cultural landscape framework and will also be examining both tangible and intangible resources of these islands. The study will employ a literature review, inventory formats, and in-depth interviews of both key informants and the local community to document the characterizing components of the cultural landscape of Lakshadweep. The study concludes by defining the cultural landscape of the islands from a spatial discourse and community perspective.

Vernacular Architecture in México: The Blue Corn Research Center in Michoacán

Sindy Melissa Godínez De León — 2023-06-16

In Mexico, a large part of the population is still engaged in primary activities such as agriculture. That is why government and academic institutions have focused on encouraging the improvement and optimization of the farming of basic grains through research and technology. This work aimed to propose a building based on the Mexican vernacular architecture of Michoacán using local materials. The architectural project used the scientific method of analyzing socio-economic indicators, territory, and cultural conditions. As a result, we got a building that promotes the increase in the production of blue corn and solves part of the student lag in the rural area of Michoacán. The building contemplates open access for people of the surrounding towns through community use. Its design applies passive thermal control strategies. The project is a connection between local agricultural customs and the field of research.
Keywords: contemporary

Investigating AI Applications in Construction Industry: A Systematic Review

Tayibe Seyman-Güray — 2023-06-16

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become popular in all industries recently and provides numerous opportunities by simulating human intelligence processes. As a mainstream technology of an inevitable digital transformation in Industry 4.0, AI applications are hot research topics to deal with the different problems of several industries. The construction industry is no exception, but its main characteristic is resistant to new technologies and innovations. However, the construction industry has several challenges such as being a highly competitive arena, abundant participants, high financial risk, long-term periods of projects, and uniqueness of projects. Therefore, its productivity and performance growth level show relatively a poor increasing trend. This study aims to examine the contributions of AI to handling these challenges by performing both bibliometric and scientometric analysis using the PRISMA protocol. In this regard, this study presents the current state of adapting AI in the construction industry and its future directions.

For a Sustainable Use of Agricultural Land in Constantine (Algeria)

Sami Debbabi — 2023-06-16

Constantine’s urbanization is a two-faced issue. In addition to its rapid and uncontrolled nature, the city's expansion boundaries lie entirely within the agricultural territory of the valleys of Oued El Rhumel and Oued Boumerzoug. These agricultural lands have unfortunately attracted large-scale housing, infrastructure, amenities, and services projects because of their favorable and inexpensive geological nature for urbanization. This contribution aims to assess the damage done to the region's agricultural heritage from the end of the 1980s to the year 2021. The chosen approach entails conducting a spatiotemporal analysis of the phenomenon of urban sprawl’s impact on agricultural land using the DPSIR framework. The findings demonstrate that between 1985 and 2020, approximately 22 000 hectares of the total agricultural land were lost throughout the study area. Approximately 50% of the agricultural land lost was affected by urbanization.

Non- and Semi-Destructive Assessment Methods Used in Croatia After Recent Earthquakes

Luka Lulić — 2023-06-16

In recent years, countries around the world have had devastating consequences from seismic events. This includes Croatia, which was hit by strong earthquakes in 2020. After the rapid assessments to determine if it was safe to stay in the damaged buildings, it was time for more detailed assessments. Different approaches were used depending on the level of reconstruction; from simple calculations and purely visual inspections for lower levels to more complex numerical models and design methods accompanied by in-situ testing for higher levels. The paper lists the most common non-destructive (NDT) and semi-destructive (SDT) methods used in post-earthquake assessment in Croatia. They are described and supplemented with photographs and test results from real case studies. The advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned methods are also presented. Finally, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given for an appropriate and effective combination of different in-situ tests for post-earthquake assessment.

Evaluation of existing slum dwellings in urban settings to meet the UN SDG goals

Omkar Gund — 2023-06-16

Over the past two decades, urban environmental quality has declined, and slums are seen as the primary concern. Despite numerous slum upgrading strategies to address urban poverty in developing countries, the issue is only projected to get worse. The lack of sustainable slum redevelopment guidelines in India is a policy gap that needs to be addressed. To make sure that the upcoming LIG housing stocks are sustainable, a logical design and planning approach is required to address climate change and the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper focuses on the study and analysis of existing slum dwellings and their living conditions, and from the observations of the study, it aims to propose recommendations for creating sustainable and sensitive redevelopment. As part of a new approach for slum upgrading projects to meet SDG objectives, it will also investigate the criteria required to construct climate-responsive urban dwellings that are closer to Net-Zero Buildings.

Multi-purpose Plants of Essential Oils in Residential Gardens

Kun Harismah — 2023-06-16

Plants have many benefits both aesthetically and healthfully. One type of plant that can be used in residential gardens is essential oil-producing plants. The content of chemical compounds in various types of essential oils have been known to have various bioactivities as well as other miscellaneous activities. This study aims to identify the role of essential oil plants in providing benefits to the environment. This study uses qualitative research methods with persuasive writing. The results of this study found that some essential oil plants include Rosmarinus officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita, Foeniculum vulgare, Cymbopogon nardus, rose, and pandanus. The role of essential oil plants are anti-inflammatory, flavoring, fragrance, fungitoxicity, antimicrobial, fertilizer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, repellents, and biopesticides. In addition, essential oil plants can also be used as aromatherapy, salad vegetables and herbs. Therefore, essential oil plants have enormous potential to be developed as multi-purpose plants for residential environments.

Potentials of Constructing Sustainable Rammed Earth Buildings in Hot-Arid Regions: Structural and Environmental Challenges

Amer Al-Jokhadar — 2023-06-16

The continuous increasing in the price of cement is one of the major challenges facing the construction industry. Moreover, concrete mixtures are main sources of CO2 emissions. On the other hand, rammed earth material could be a good alternative to reduce costs and amounts of emissions. In addition, it is appropriate to be used in hot-arid regions due to its thermal mass properties. Yet, such a material has limitations in terms of durability and strength. This research aims firstly to test the suitability of rammed earth as urban modern construction material, through examining characteristics and specifications of soil, sand, and other stabilizers to improve the resistance to frost attack and avoid deterioration. Secondly, to explore the efficiency in terms of indoor environmental conditions. The research was implemented by constructing an experimental building within a university campus in Jordan, to conclude the best solutions in terms of environmental and structural challenges.

Exploring Covid-19 Research in the Built Environment Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis

Evren ÜLKERYILDIZ — 2023-06-16

The disaster of “Covid-19 pandemic” which has been introducing various radical changes on the lifestyle of people such as (1) the usage of urban spaces, (2) spatial problems, (3) the transformation of shared spaces and (4) working practices. These radical changes have been receiving an overwhelming interest from scholars from various disciplines since SARS-CoV-2 corona (i.e., Covid 19) virus set a global pandemic. As a result of this overwhelming interest, a rich but a fragment literature prevails on the radical changes caused by Covid 19 pandemic in built environment studies. The research presented herein explores this rich but fragmented literature on the effects of Covid-19 pandemic by adopting a systematic research design strategy namely bibliometric analysis. It is also discovered that the spatial reorganization response of countries to Covid 19 pandemic to varies from country to country mainly due to the regional characteristics of the countries.

Rethinking the public loggia to improve urban resilience to climate change

Carlos Mourão Pereira — 2023-08-04

Microclimates within loggia spaces near public walkways and building entrances are potentially strategic for resilience to extreme weather conditions. However, the public loggia may also be a space of conflict of appropriation and vulnerability, resulting in obsolete voids problematic for buildings and cities. This raises questions about its morphology and essential requirements to improve its functional performance. Therefore, a transdisciplinary study based on qualitative research was developed combining spatial experiences of experts and users. The results suggest that a public loggia needs to consider local climate, social behaviour, usability, urban cleaning, visibility and connections, as far as possible, with the main urban walkways. The findings also suggest that the public loggia only contributes toward urban resilience if its architectural details approach affordances and diversity within its users.

Cooperative co-housing to promote healthy and accompanied ageing in place (Co-aging). Case studies of architectural viability in obsolete neighborhoods in Malaga

Francisco-Javier Castellano-Pulido — 2023-06-16

Spain is facing a progressive aging of its population and the inversion of its population pyramid, also inverting the income/expense balance of the Estate, and reducing its agency to control the housing market by construction. Our transdisciplinary project proposes cooperative co-housing ways of living inside the existing housing stock of obsolete and aged neighbourhoods in Málaga (south Spain). Re-densifying by sharing the use of obsolete too-big family houses, while renting the others, will provide a solution to the problems of both unwanted loneliness, active and financially independent aging, while increasing and re-activating the housing rental stock. By combining the results of focal meetings realized with inhabitants of the case study neighbourhoods, and the analysis of the specific housing units via several teaching projects at different pre- and post-graduate levels and authors’ design studies, we will test the architectural viability of our project by providing specific on-site solutions to the study cases.

Prospects for Introducing Medium-Density Row Housing in Jeddah City

Ayad Khalid Almaimani — 2023-06-16

Architectural researchers ensure that residential buildings in any area are appropriately planned for the landscape and meet the needs of current and future residents. Row houses are well known in residential sectors of the United States and many European countries, but the data on row housing in Saudi Arabia is very limited. As residential structures, row houses are reasonably priced and architecturally resilient. They also fill the affordable housing gap for middle-class residents – sometimes called the “missing middle” – in major urban centers such as Jeddah. Like other cities of its size, Jeddah has been slow to adopt medium-density residential structures. This research evaluates the Jeddah community’s likelihood of accepting row housing, surveying a cross-section of residents seeking housing options other than the apartments currently available. Our questionnaire investigated variables such as gender, age group awareness, house size, architectural functional features, preferable cost, and other considerations. The data and resulting analysis concluded that more than 90% of the respondents would prefer row houses to current options as their primary housing choice.

The safety Dilemma of Gated Communities in Turkey: How Borders Threaten Safe Space Formation in Neighbourhoods

Hatice KALFAOĞLU HATİPOĞLU — 2023-06-16

The production of safe spaces in neighbourhood areas is a challenge for the rapid urbanization in Turkey. The way of providing safety in housing areas has been ensured in the form of designing gated communities as clusters. However, it is possible to promote defensible spaces with the design of an urban form which increases users’ impact area and sense of belonging. The urban tissue of neighbourhoods in Turkey, before the transition to gated communities, has already had these characteristics by having the spatial configuration of neighbourhood phenomenon. This study aims to emphasize the possibility of creating defensible spaces with planning and reveal design principles by reviewing the literature. Moreover, the study conducts a critical approach to gated communities which are segregated from urban tissue regarding safety and to their spatial design following the investigated design principles of safe space creation.

Reviving Surface Water Bodies with Ecological Resilience Through WSUD Approach: A Case of Rajshahi City, Bangladesh.

Md. Asaduzzaman — 2023-06-16

Ecological resilience is a measure of an ecosystem's ability to recover rapidly from disruption. Human interventions and urbanization dramatically affect surface water bodies over land, which are integral parts of the ecosystem. There were approximately 729 ponds and canals in 2002, but only 393 remain in 2011, which increases temperatures, waterlogging, and drought conditions. As pollutants enter water bodies through rainwater, they disrupt the ecosystem and ecology. This paper provides an overview of the research and implementation, focused on Water-Sensitive Urban Design toward ecological resilience. In line with the theory, the outcomes are impressive, and fruitful, in addition to improving ecological resilience. These can provide direction on Rajshahi’s future waterbody preservation process. As the method provides a relative assessment of resilience and makes some basic assumptions, additional research is needed to explore assessment methods that account for this effect.

Paulo Mendes da Rocha's housing archetype

Sebastian Larriva Novo — 2023-06-16

Paulo Mendes da Rocha renowned Brazilian architect and winner of the Pritzker Prize in 2006. Throughout his career, he made numerous works of different scales and programs; including single-family homes, residential complexes, and social housing projects. Within his work, especially that of a residential nature, the frequency of certain design decisions is evident: functional, constructive, and expressive. This recidivism of characteristics could be described as an archetype of residential spaces. Through a comparative process of 2 houses of different temporalities, it is intended to deduce which is the archetype of Mendes da Rocha's house. A free and elevated floor above the level of the sidewalk, continuous rooms that share service cores, and walls that do not completely close the spaces; are some of the characteristics that define the archetype of housing. Deciphering this archetype allows us to better understand the influence of Mendes da Rocha's homes on modern Brazilian architecture.

Systematic Ecological Resilience Strategies & Practices in China's National Land Space

Chengcheng LIU — 2023-06-16

In the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization, faced with a series of ecological degradation problems, the Chinese government has continuously deepened the strategic deployment of ecological restoration in the past 20 years, explored and promoted the transformation of ecological restoration from partial and single-factor restoration to comprehensive, multi-scale and multi-factor integrated protection and restoration and comprehensive management. China focus on measures in three aspects: first, control territorial ecological space, delineate and strictly observe the national ecological protection red line, and ensure and safeguard the national ecological security bottom line; Second, research and practice on the localization of Nature-based Solutions in China to strengthen the natural resilience of the ecosystem; Finally, a major ecological protection and restoration project integrating mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand has been implemented, and the function of ecosystem services has been gradually enhanced.

Structural And Cost Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete And Steel Framed Structures: A Comparative Study In Lefkoşa, North Cyprus

Hassan Idow Mohamed — 2023-06-16

The development of structural systems, materials, and analytical techniques have been used for designing different types of structures. Comparative studies of various buildings help identify the optimum choice depending on the project requirements and conditions. In this study, 8-story residential structures are designed in Lefkoşa, North Cyprus by steel and reinforced concrete frames with different load-resisting systems. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC-15th edition) are both followed and the response spectrum method (RSM) is employed while ETABS and SAP2000 are used for modeling and analyzing the structures. The results obtained are the base shear, story shear, displacement, axial forces, bending moments for selected columns, the quantity of steel, the quantity of concrete, and the quantity of formwork are compared for different structures. The result shows that the cost of steel structure is higher by around 13 % as compared to RC.

Modelling and analysis of virtual coupling for increasing service performance in the case of single-track rail lines

Marilisa Botte — 2023-06-16

Smart and green mobility systems are key factors for the sustainability of our cities which are experiencing increasingly growing density conditions. The goal is to make public and sharing transport systems more attractive than private vehicles, thus reducing congestion levels as well as air and noise pollution in favour of the quality of life in our urban and suburban areas. In this context, the proposed paper presents a simulation-based methodology for increasing the efficiency level of railway operations, through the implementation of virtual coupling systems, intending to lead the modal split towards a more sustainable scenario. To show the feasibility of the proposed approach, it has been applied in the case of a real regional rail line. Results confirm the benefits of the adoption of such systems on the attractiveness levels by showing an increase in carrying capacity with a related reduction in user waiting times.

Challenges In The Constructıon Medıatıon

Yaprak Arici-Ustuner — 2023-06-16

The construction sector, unlike other sectors, can be defined as a sector where technical competencies are at the forefront, crowded in terms of stakeholders participating in the project process, and open to all kinds of external influences. Therefore, it is possible to experience disputes between the parties during construction projects. Studies in the literature show that this rapid dispute resolution method can be mediation in terms of the construction sector. Mediation can be defined as an impartial third party entering the process and guiding the parties to resolve their dispute. Whether this complex and difficult structure of the construction sector differentiates these mediation processes from the processes of other sectors is not a subject that has been extensively researched in the literature. In this study, which reached 38 mediators, the mediators evaluated their construction mediation processes that they have experienced. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the interest-based structure of the construction sector, involvement of multiple stakeholders in projects and the fact that the disputes in the sector are generally based on technical issues are among the challenges of the mediation processes in the construction sector.