Proceedings of the international conference of contemporary affairs in architecture and urbanism-ICCAUA
Last Call for Abstracts: The deadline for receiving abstracts has been extended to 7 March 2026. For more information on new calls for papers please visit: https://www.iccaua.com/page/home Proceedings of the International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism-ICCAUA published by Alanya University. This journal aimed to publish full papers of the articles resulting from the annual ICCAUA conferences which take place annually in Turkey. Therefore, the journal is scheduled for annual publication in the month of December. The journal brings together all the theories, manifestos and methodologies on contemporary architecture and urban spaces to raise the understanding of the future of architecture and urban planning. Overall, the journal aimed to establish a bridge between theory and practice in the built environment.
Identifying Key Parameters for Enhancing Urban Resilience in Commercial Spaces: A Comparative Study in Saida, Lebanon
Urban resilience plays a vital role in sustaining the functionality and vitality of commercial spaces in the face of evolving socioeconomic and spatial challenges. This research investigates the key parameters that enhance urban resilience in commercial spaces, focusing on the interrelationship between spatial configuration, land use activities, and consumer perception. The study examines Saida's historic commercial street in the old city alongside two contemporary shopping malls, employing a mixed-method approach to highlight the differences in spatial and consumer experiences across these typologies. Space syntax analysis is used to assess spatial configurations, complemented by data from UN-Habitat Geoportal and field observations. The research also incorporates consumer surveys to explore perceptions and behavioural patterns. The findings reveal distinct spatial and consumer dynamics between traditional and modern commercial spaces, offering actionable insights into the urban design variables critical for enhancing urban retail resilience. These insights aim to support urban designers and planners in creating adaptable and sustainable commercial environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nour El Baba, Ibtihal El Bastawissi, Ayman Afify, Hiba Mohsen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Geospatial Evaluation of The Effects Of Urbanization On The Air Quality In Selected Urban Areas of Lusaka
This study investigates the impact of urbanization on air quality in Lusaka, Zambia, focusing on carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) concentrations from 2009 to 2024. Utilizing geospatial analysis, time series maps, air quality data and statistical validation, the research examines pollutant trends in industrial and non-industrial zones alongside urbanization rates. Key findings reveal a significant increase in CO concentrations, correlating with rising urbanization rates from 21.06% in 2009 to 38.05% in 2024, while SO₂ levels fluctuated due to emission control measures. Non-industrial areas exhibited lower pollutant levels, highlighting the disproportionate impact of industrial activities. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of geospatial tools in monitoring air quality and urbanization trends, providing actionable insights for policymakers to mitigate pollution. Contributions include a validated framework for integrating air quality monitoring with urban planning, emphasizing the need for sustainable development strategies in rapidly urbanizing regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Njavwa Nachalwe, Penjani Hopkins Nyimbili, Masauso Sakala, Twataizya Minango, Ernest Munsanje, Erastus Misheng’u Mwanaumo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Use of the Space Syntax Method in the Design of Landscape Areas for Users in Hospital Gardens: Van YYU Dursun Odabaş Medical Center
Hospital gardens are important open spaces where many users meet their physical and mental needs. Due to the unhealthy and stressful environments in hospital interiors, hospital gardens contribute to the recovery process of patients. Today, landscape design, which gives importance to the use of green areas, offers important design suggestions for hospital gardens. These design suggestions are developed by taking hospital users into consideration, sometimes spatially and sometimes in the design and positioning of the urban equipment used. This study, the landscape design of the hospital garden of Van Yuzuncu Yil University Dursun Odabas Medical Center was evaluated using the Space Syntax method. In line with the axial and visibility analyses of this method, the missing points in the current landscape design of the garden were tried to be determined and suggestions were presented. This study will contribute to identifying suitable areas in the landscape design evaluation of hospitals using the space syntax method.
Copyright (c) 2025 Şevin Bayram, Okan Yeler https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Integrating Green Spaces with Mass Transit: A Comparative Analysis of Bangkok, Singapore, and Kuala Lumpur for Sustainable Urban Development
As Southeast Asia faces rapid urbanization, cities struggle to balance infrastructure development, environmental sustainability, and green space access. Bangkok faces poorly planned urban expansion, leading to limited green spaces and a disconnected public transportation system. This study examines the relationship between green spaces and mass transit in Bangkok, compared with Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. Analysing the 400-meter catchment around transit stations, the research explores green space distribution and road network connectivity through spatial analysis and space syntax methods. It evaluates how these cities integrate green spaces with transit systems and whether adopting a Transit-Oriented Compact Green City (TOCGC) model could improve Bangkok's connectivity. The findings highlight that green space accessibility is more important than size, with land subdivision and road networks influencing this relationship. The study proposes strategies for improving green space access and public transport integration, contributing to sustainable urban planning in line with UN SDGs 3 and 11.
Copyright (c) 2025 Naththaphat Panyangam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
From Use to Design: Rethinking Urban Furniture for Sustainable Urban Spaces (Case of Plazas in Batna)
Urban furniture, long relegated to a purely decorative role, is now recognized as a crucial component in the design of public spaces. In Algeria, it often remains poorly adapted to local socio-economic and environmental realities. This research focuses on analyzing the impact of urban furniture on the plazas in Batna, assessing its role in transforming these spaces into sustainable and functional areas. The aim is to demonstrate that urban furniture design, far from being incidental, profoundly influences key factors such as comfort, safety, utility, and the aesthetics of public spaces. By reflecting on the adaptability of urban furniture elements, we highlight their fundamental contribution to sustainable urban planning. This study underscores the importance of thoughtful, adaptive, and intelligent furniture in creating more resilient, pleasant, and genuinely functional cities, aligned with the needs of users and contemporary environmental challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 CHETARA Aïcha, FENGHOUR Abir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Contemporary challenges of museum communication: сultivating Soft Skills for Urban Sustainability
Heritage is one of the elements of sustainable development of territories. Due to its fragility, it requires constant attention from the community. It is essential to clearly articulate the practical significance of heritage for communities to maintain their motivation. One way to practically use heritage is to integrate it into programs for developing soft skills in children and adults. Moscow City University conducted a study of 40 museums and significant cultural street objects to answer the question of what conditions have been created for the development of citizens' thinking and communication. Methods: parametric scale assessment, observation, interviews, focus groups. Findings: the main deficits include working with contradictions, multi-positioning, personal narratives, social reflection, as well as creativity and imagination. Wider implications: creating a tool for organizations working with heritage for comprehensive parametric assessment of historical urban landscapes in different countries in terms of their impact on the soft skills of citizens.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anastasia Belolutskaya, Ivan Grinko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Analysis of Evolving Wayfinding Behaviours in the Digital Era: A Case Study of Dhaka
Wayfinding behaviour is fundamental to how individuals perceive and navigate urban spaces. Kevin Lynch identified five key elements that shape mental maps and enhance urban legibility. Every year, many students migrate to Dhaka for higher education. In the dense urban environment of Dhaka, wayfinding becomes challenging as their spatial perception differs from the local students. This study examines cognitive spatial perception and dependency on digital tools in wayfinding behaviour between local and internally migrant students of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, focusing on their journey from the campus to the Dhaka University MRT Station. Using PedCatch, the study identifies two routes that are within a 15-minute walkable distance. To assess their cognitive wayfinding behaviour, sketch map analysis and a structured questionnaire were conducted among the students. Findings indicate that Lynch’s spatial elements significantly contribute to shaping cognitive ability for navigating within the urban fabric. Results also show that local students demonstrate detailed mental representations and less reliance on digital navigation tools, suggesting that familiarity with the urban environment enhances spatial cognition. The study offers insights for urban designers to integrate cognitive perceptions into urban planning strategies, improving urban legibility in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fouzia Masud Mouri, Ridwan Noor, Ahmad Abdul Wasi, Maisha Tasnim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Role of Local Governments in the Transformation of Public Spaces: The Case of Atakum City Square
Beyond being physical spaces, public spaces are critical for social interaction and social integration. Local governments have great influence over public spaces due to their authority to regulate, improve and open these spaces for use. Power conflicts between local governments and plan changes accelerate the transformation of these spaces. This article examines the effects of interventions and power dynamics in planning processes on the transformation of public spaces through the example of Atakum City Square. It presents a theoretical framework for public spaces and squares and evaluates how planning decisions and local government actions affect the functionality and social dynamics of public spaces. In the study, qualitative and quantitative methods are combined to collect data through spatial observations, interviews with local government representatives and user surveys. The main findings show that the power dynamics of local governments affect the functional structure of the square and lead to a narrowing of the diversity of activities. Despite physical improvements, social inclusion deficiencies persist. This study contributes to the literature by providing recommendations for the preservation of democratic and inclusive public spaces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deniz YILDIZ USLU, Tuğçe ŞANLI KATI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Light is a fundamental element in shaping the perception of spaces and the urban image. The changes in how cities are perceived in the day and night are directly related to natural light and lighting. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain the change of urban image concept in the day and night in the most frequently visited cities determined based on annual visitor numbers. The selected cities were analysed by reviewing posts on the Instagram platform, using hashtags, through a new, non-interactive Instagram account. The overall urban images of the first hundred posts reached through the hashtags were analyzed. Finally, the change in the city's image at different times of the day was examined through Instagram posts, with the change explained through concrete findings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Düriye Dilan Öner, Esin Özlem Aktuğlu Aktan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Policy and Institutional Frameworks for City Information Modeling (CIM) Adoption in Bahrain: A Pathway to Achieving Sustainable Urban Development Goals
City Information Modeling integrates Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and real-time data analysis to enhance urban planning. While CIM has a lot to offer in sustainable urban development, its application in Bahrain is hampered by policy and institutional limitations. This study examines the impact of policy platforms and institutional frameworks on integrating CIM to align with Bahrain's Economic Vision 2030 and United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines policy analysis, stakeholder interviews, and comparative case studies to ascertain barriers, including fragmented regulations, poor inter-agency coordination, and capacity limitations. The main findings highlight the CIM potential to enhance infrastructure efficiency, urban resilience, and public engagement subject to surmounting such barriers. The research proposes a policy-led roadmap for targeting standardized data protocols, cross-sector collaboration, and capacity building. With an emphasis on institutional and policy reforms, this research presents prescriptive outcomes for the application of CIM to enhance sustainable urban development in Bahrain and other places.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulaziz Obaid, Najla Allani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainability at Crossroads: The Conflicting Needs of Affordable Housing Development Versus Saltpan Conservation in Mumbai, India
Housing in Mumbai has emerged as a contentious issue, sparking the urban growth debate, with recent attention on Mumbai's saltpans earmarked for development. This study explores the aspect of sustainability amidst the conflicting needs of affordable housing development and salt pan conservation. It aims to evaluate the sustainability challenges and trade-offs between affordable housing development and salt pan conservation in Mumbai. The study uses data reviewed from a variety of journals, news articles, books, websites, etc., and by using these employs a PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) analysis to delve into the issue. Results show that the conversion of the salt pans into housing zones will potentially undermine their critical ecosystem functions while failing to achieve critical sustainable development goals. Recommendations include prioritising ecologically sensitive urban planning, alternative sites such as brownfield developments, the use of derelict buildings, etc.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sujayita Bhattacharjee, Sanjukta Sattar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Suggestions for Sustainable Urban Revenue From Instability to Sustainability: Addressing Urban Revenue Challenges in the 21st Century
Ensuring sustainable urban revenue is a critical challenge for municipalities aiming to enhance economic competitiveness within regional urban networks. This study identifies key financial and economic obstacles faced by urban management, including dependency on unstable revenue sources and financial inefficiencies. Using a qualitative analysis of urban finance models and case studies, the research evaluates alternative strategies for sustainable municipal revenue. The findings suggest that reducing reliance on construction-related fees, promoting private sector investment, and leveraging financial institutions can contribute to financial resilience. Additionally, implementing renovation taxes as a continuous revenue stream can enhance municipal financial stability. These insights provide policymakers with a strategic framework for achieving long-term urban economic sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farhad Feyzipour, Shadi Janbozorgi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Tactical Design as a Strategy for Innovation
Tactical design has emerged as an innovative strategy for transforming public spaces through temporary, flexible and participatory interventions. This study analyses its potential for urban innovation, focusing on methodologies, impacts and challenges. Through a mixed approach that includes field observations, interviews and case study analyses, the research highlights how tactical design favours social inclusion and the activation of collaborative networks. The project results at the University of Perugia demonstrate that small-scale interventions can improve the perception of urban spaces, strengthening the sense of belonging and the quality of the experience. The involvement of students emphasised the educational and transformative value of tactical design. The study contributes to the debate on experimental urban planning, highlighting the need to integrate these approaches into sustainable urban strategies supported by institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alessandro Spennato, Paolo Di Nardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Informal mobility typologies towards a better understanding of Informal public transportation
Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is known for its cultural heritage and thriving tourism, however, it is also notorious for its traffic congestion and air pollution, which are frequently ranked amongst the world’s worst. In response to these challenges, the city has focused on the development and expansion of mass transit systems, such as metro rail networks and bus rapid transit (BRT) systems, to improve mobility and reduce reliance on private vehicles. Informal public transportation, which includes motorcycle taxis, shared minivans, tuk-tuks, and other flexible transport modes, plays a crucial role in urban mobility, particularly for last-mile connectivity and accessibility in areas where formal transportation options are limited. This matrix serves as a tool for examining mobility systems, offering insights into their functions, patterns, and contributions to urban and suburban transportation networks. Additionally, it enables the identification and analysis of unique traits such as the role of motorcycle taxi stations or ride-hailing applications, travel distance, and mode of transportation. Such findings help us to understand the systems and behaviors within Bangkok, which can enhance the understanding of informal transportation systems and their integration with formal transportation networks for more efficient urban mobility planning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hourakhsh Ahmad Nia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
How can urban resilience manage the Wadi floods: Case of Oued El Harrach in Algiers
The safety of people and ecosystems is seriously threatened by severe weather events and natural catastrophes. To guarantee that every community benefits from a safe, sustainable built environment, social and economic factors must be considered in resilient urban planning. The commune (municipality) of El Harrach is situated in the east of Algiers and traversed by the same-named river. With growing urbanization throughout the years, El Harrach is strategically located overlooking the Bay of Algiers. However, a number of threats persist, such as the chemical pollution and the risk of flooding. Through this study, we will explore the advantages and limits of urban resilience against the risk of flooding in El Harrach region using a combination of two urban analysis methods: SWOT (for the risk analysis) and NBS (for the proposed alternatives). The results will also be presented in the form of GIS maps in order to suggest future decision-making in the land use regional plan framework.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manel SOUIDI, DAGHMOUM Haithem Amine, Rahima HADIDI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Prediction of Fire-Induced Pollution Dispersion in Watersheds using ANN, A Case Study of Dareh-Moradbeyg River Watershed
Post-fire runoff, driven by the loss of vegetation cover and alterations in soil characteristics, represents a significant source of pollutants in downstream ecosystems, residential, and urban areas.This study employs an artificial intelligence approach, optimized using the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, to predict water quality in a fire-affected watershed. pH variation data, collected following a prescribed burn in the study area, was utilized as input for developing an artificial neural network. The network’s interlayer connection weights and threshold parameters were optimized using an enhanced version of the ABC algorithm. The results indicate that, compared to conventional models, the neural network trained using the ABC algorithm demonstrates approximately 25% greater predictive accuracy. These findings emphasize the critical role of machine learning techniques in forecasting pollutant dispersion in post-fire watershed environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Babak Omidvar, Ramin Samavati, Mahsa Mohammad Reza Beyk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Redefining the Concept of Waste: Implementation of Circular Economy for Bangkok Peri-Urban Low-Income Community
Globally, over 2.1 billion tons of waste are generated annually, with much of it improperly managed, leading to severe environmental and health risks. Thailand produces approximately 27 million tons of waste each year, with significant challenges in peri-urban low-income communities like Pathum Thani, where rapid expansion has outpaced waste management infrastructure. This study aims to redefine the concept of waste through circular economy (CE) principles and systems thinking to enhance waste management and generate economic opportunities. Using a qualitative approach, it employs semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and co-design workshops to engage stakeholders in developing community-driven solutions. Findings highlight the necessity of integrating informal waste collectors into formal systems, improving infrastructure, and creating long-term incentives for participation. The study concludes that redefining waste as a resource can foster sustainable practices and economic resilience. Its contributions offer scalable strategies for other fast-growing cities facing similar waste management challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tishawree Gerdpratoom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Public Space and Security: Samsun/Batipark Sample
This study examines the perception of security in public spaces and the parameters that determine this perception in the context of open and green spaces. Globalization, economic transformations and global pandemics have changed the way public spaces are used and increased the importance of the concept of security. Within the scope of the study, the public use and security status of Batıpark in Samsun city was analyzed. In the research, the intended use of the park, visitor profile, security measures and security perception were systematically addressed through survey and observation techniques. Surveys with 180 participants revealed that factors such as lighting, security personnel and regular maintenance directly affect the perception of security. The study reveals the need for improvements in design and management processes to increase the perception of security in public open-green spaces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Berna İzel GÜNGÖR, Tuğçe ŞANLI KATI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Co-Designing Safe School Zones Through Placemaking
The research explored how social design might facilitate the creation of safe school zones for children with the tools of participatory placemaking focusing on their physical and mental well-being in an urban environment. The research applies both traditional (interviews, questionnaires, observations, etc.) and design research tools (problem mapping and participatory design workshops) together with quantitative speed measurement. The project was realised by an interdisciplinary team involving experts of urban mobility and traffic safety, child and environment psychology, pedagogy as well as policymakers. By involving students (aged 12-14) and their teachers into the research process, their insights were integrated into small-scale urban interventions, transforming school front areas into dedicated spaces, where they can gather, socialise and strengthen their connection towards each other and the school area. The implemented prototype proved to be an often used space and it offers transferable and scalable solutions for other school fronts in the city.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hosszu Erzsébet, Borbála Marosán, Rita Szerencsés https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Environmental Impacts from the Construction Sector, as a Consequence of the Planning that Has Been Subjected to the Territory of the Municipality of Tirana, Albania
This study aims to assess the impacts on the environment from the construction sector in the territory of the municipality of Tirana, Albania, as a consequence of planning that has been subjected to the territory, accompanied by negative interference from temporary or continuous human actions. The results obtained from this study are based on the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis. For the period 2017-2023 according to the Institute of Statistics of Albania, 2464 construction permits were approved in Tirana region, while for the period 2015-2023 according to the National Environmental Agency of Albania, 2015 projects with an impact on the environment were approved in Tirana region, of which 1491 only in Tirana municipality, mainly in the construction sector. The Municipality of Tirana, as a result of territorial planning at the national level, ranks with the highest number of impacts on the environment, as a result of the construction sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kleant Semema, Neritan Shkodrani, Enxhi Çelaj https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Biophilia: From A Sociological And Environmental Theory To An Urban And Architectural Approach
Bipohilia is a sociological, psychological and environmental theory based on the reality of human beings' close relationship and attachment to nature and natural processes. This behavior is defined through an analytical approach based on the way in which human beings conceive their architectural and urban space, integrating the natural element as a principal element of spatial design. How can the theory of biophilia be introduced as an urban and architectural method and approach? The present work proposes a complex approach to ensure a clear, logical transition that has already been adopted in published scientific articles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Djouad Fatima Zahra , Salah Salah Hana, Bechlem Rayen, Ramdane Meriem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Towards Sustainable Living: Improving Living Conditions of Low-Income Workers in Bahrain’s Labour Camps
The reliance on migrant workers in the GCC countries has led to various challenges, particularly regarding the living conditions of these workers in labour camps. These accommodations are often, overcrowded and lack essential amenities contributing to health and social issues among the occupants. This paper aims to explore the living conditions of low-income workers in Bahrain’s labour camps identifying challenges regarding their housing quality, access to services and social intergration. Applying a mixed methods approach in the form of surveys, interviews and case studies the paper explores ways to improve their livelihoods while promoting sustainable living. The study findings highlight issues such as inadequate ventilation, poor sanitation, and social isolation. The study proposes design interventions, including improved ventilation, better communal spaces, and sustainable housing solutions. The findings of the study contribute to the discourse on labour housing and offers insights to promote more inclusive, healthy, and sustainable living environments among low-income workers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Avni Durga Hemanth, Fay Abdulla Al Khalifa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Managing an Invisible Disaster: Developing a Comprehensive Heat Action Plan for Istanbul
Extreme heat is a climate hazard threatening the future of urban life. However, due to its invisible nature, heat often remains peripheral in disaster management. This study examines how extreme heat is framed within Türkiye’s national and Istanbul’s municipal level disaster management and climate action frameworks. It analyzes a total of 15 documents through thematic content analysis to assess the extent to which heat is treated as a disaster risk requiring coordinated response within these frameworks. Findings reveal that while climate plans acknowledge heat as an urban health challenge, disaster management policies largely omit it or refer to it marginally, with little actionable protocols. This gap underscores the need for a dedicated Heat Action Plan for Istanbul. By identifying policy blind spots and drawing on international best practices, this study contributes to the emerging literature on urban heat governance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatma Zişan Tokaç https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Visual Quality Analysis of the Urban Fabric and Landscape Value of Hüseyin Avni Ulaş Neighbourhood West Campus in Erzurum
The aim of this research is to evaluate the urban texture and landscape value of the Western Campus of Hüseyin Avni Ulaş Neighborhood, a new settlement area in Erzurum, through visual quality analysis. A visual quality analysis was conducted based on the photographs taken from the study area. The survey prepared for the visual quality analysis was conducted with undergraduate and graduate students studying at Atatürk University’s Faculty of Architecture and Design during the 2024-2025 academic year. The survey consists of two stages. In the first stage, the urban texture of the study area was examined, focusing on aspects such as plant diversity, landscape quality, and the visual appearance of building facades. In the second stage, the parks within the study area were evaluated based on criteria such as their overall visual impact, structural design, and the quality of plant design. Participants were asked to rate these aspects accordingly. The survey data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software. Based on the results obtained, deficiencies in the urban texture and landscape value of the Western Campus of Hüseyin Avni Ulaş Neighborhood were identified, and planning and design recommendations were proposed for sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ömer Faruk İŞ, Işık Sezen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The influence of spatial affordances of urban design on pedestrian behaviour in public spaces: A food market in Lund, Sweden
Every year, the main public space in Lund, Sweden, hosts the International Food Market. It attracts pedestrians from near and far who come to enjoy the food and street life; the design features of the space play a significant role in that. This study focuses on how pedestrians interact with the physical aspects of the public spaces during this event. To identify key urban design features that this space affords, two methods are used: observation and photography, to capture movement patterns and social behaviour. The study shows how specific design features influence spatial affordances that enable social interaction within public space. In addition, this study highlights the importance of integrating urban design and pedestrian behavior by offering conceptual tools that provide urban designers with a deeper understanding of users' needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sahar Alrabadi, Muna M Alibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Towards the Coexistence of Global and Local Socioeconomic Urban Conditions: Comparing Glocalization in Bangkok, Thailand
Urbanization and globalization have transformed Bangkok from a traditional, community-centered settlement into a vertical metropolis shaped by global capital and economic modernization. As Thailand’s economic hub, Bangkok thrives on trade, tourism, and investment, but this growth often costs cultural identity and socio-economic equity. While globalization fosters opportunities, it also brings income inequality, labor exploitation, and cultural homogenization. The dominance of international businesses in Sukhumvit displaces local communities, dilutes Thai heritage, and challenges SMEs facing regulatory hurdles. Conversely, Bantadthong exemplifies a "glocal place," balancing cultural heritage preservation with sustainable development. Its approach integrates modernization without compromising local identity. These challenges highlight the need for balanced policies integrating global practices while preserving cultural continuity. This study evaluates glocal development strategies through case studies, exploring urban policies that bridge global business models with local contexts. It aims to ensure Bangkok remains competitive and culturally distinct as a thriving global city.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nattanich Meesang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urban Sprawl Between Spatial Dynamics and Sustainability Issues Case of the City of Béjaïa, Northern Algeria
This paper analyzes the evolution of urban sprawl in the city of Béjaïa, located in northern Algeria, by examining land consumption from the country's independence in 1962 to the present day. Using a diachronic approach supported by Geographic Information Systems, the study highlights the increasing artificialization of land and its impacts on the environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development. The results reveal a diffuse and uncontrolled urban expansion, characterized by fragmented urban fabric, the loss of agricultural and forested land, and growing spatial disparities. A critical analysis of urban planning tools reveals their limited capacity to manage this phenomenon and provide appropriate solutions. This paper aims to encourage local decision-makers to adopt a more forward-looking urban governance strategy, based on the strategic use of geographic information systems and a prospective approach, to promote a more sustainable and balanced urban development.
Copyright (c) 2025 BOUNOUNI Sofiane, BOUDINA Tounsia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Preferences for student rental housing in Dehradun, India: Using TOPSIS technique
This study aims to identify and prioritise key attributes for enhancing service quality in Purpose-Built Student Accommodation (PBSA), focusing on student rental housing. Given the increasing demand for high-quality student housing, assessing infrastructure, facilities, and service quality from students' perspectives is essential. The research was conducted in Dehradun, India—a major educational hub—examining 27 housing attributes and 10 neighbourhood attributes based on both their perceived importance and satisfaction levels. A five-point Likert scale survey was administered to 425 students, selected through simple random sampling. The data were analysed using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), allowing for a comparative performance analysis of each attribute. The results highlight significant gaps between the importance students assign to features like high-speed internet, safety, and food services, and their actual satisfaction with those offerings. By integrating a multi-criteria decision-making framework with a dual-layered evaluation of expectations versus experiences, the findings provide valuable insights for developers and higher education institutions, ensuring student housing aligns with student expectations and quality standards. By integrating a multi-criteria decision-making framework with a comparative performance evaluation, the study contributes to urban housing discourse and the socio-economic planning of inclusive student accommodation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dikchha Tiwari, Uttam Kumar Roy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Assessing the Impact of Integrated Building Management Systems on Energy Reduction and Sustainability Initiatives in a Selected Sydney Hotel
This study analyses the effectiveness of Integrated Building Management Systems (iBMS) as an option to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG), such as carbon emissions and improving energy consumption in a hotel building within the busy urban areas of Sydney, Australia. In this research, a case study approach using quantitative data was employed to provide a comprehensive assessment. By time series analysis, 12-months worth of energy consumption data during pre- and post-implementation of iBMS in the selected hotel has been calculated and analysed using percentage reduction formula to identify whether there is a significant impact of implementing iBMS in reducing energy consumption. Although the system may require a considerable upfront costs, the overall benefits in a longer term fulfill its intended objectives. Since commissioning iBMS, the findings indicate a significant reduction in electricity and gas consumption, as well as carbon (GHG) emissions one year’s time, by around 16, 18 and 21 percent respectively, which is on track in comparison with similar studies in other regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosselle Dullan-Wenceslao, , Michelle Cavaleri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Urban Space Design: Theoretical Framework and Case Studies in Water Management
This study examines the role of water management in the context of sustainability and energy efficiency in urban areas. It emphasizes the necessity of effective water management strategies to preserve the urban water cycle, ensure energy savings, and support ecosystem integrity. The study explores sustainable water management principles and green infrastructure applications within a theoretical framework, analyzing innovative design solutions such as rainwater harvesting, greywater reuse, and permeable surfaces. Selected successful case studies at both national and international levels are evaluated in terms of their integration into urban space design. Ultimately, this study proposes a roadmap for designing energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable urban spaces by introducing policies and technological solutions that promote the efficient use of water resources in cities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pelin Keçecioğlu Dağlı, Gizem Bostancı https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Investigation of the Effect of Public Space Transformations on the User's Perception of Space and its Relationship with Local Government
The transformation of modern cities under the pressure of rapid urbanization and planning has made public spaces critical points of social life. The aim of the study is to examine the deterioration of individuals' perception of space in the context of planning and spatial perception if the user's relationship with space and society turns into a tactical tool of planning, which is an implementing tool of the state. In this context, the study is based on two main research questions. First, how power relations and political structure affect planning processes in public spaces will be analyzed. Secondly, the change in the perception of the public as the user of the spaces that are produced or not completed on the grounds of conflict will be investigated. The Yalı Kafe project area in Atakum district of Samsun, where the transformation process is ongoing, has been selected as the sample area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edanur Güvercin, Tuğçe Şanlı Katı https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Road Traffic Noise in Algeria: State Decisions Comprehensive Review
Urban transportation system offers a major standard for measuring general operational efficiency of a city and its compliance with traffic laws. This research supports the latest Algerian government instructions, which focuses on the legislative aspect of road noise control mechanisms via a thorough analysis of the recently adopted State Decisions. Setif and Annaba, as well as Algiers and Blida cities, are enforcing the restriction of the presence of extremely noisy sports cars and motorcycles within urban and residential zones at night. This specific project is part of a more comprehensive set of preventative and repressive measures that have been deliberately designed to lower noise pollution and maintain public tranquillity. This research aims to support the enforcement of national noise control rules as well provide suggestions that are both financially feasible and helping to improve the management of noise problems connected to urban mobility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Boulemaredj Ali, Meribai Amine Mehdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Coastal Resilience: Adaptations for Climate Change in Singapore's East Coast
The East Coast of Singapore has been developed through significant land reclamation, experiences increasing socio-economic threats from climate change and rising sea levels. In response to that, conventional engineering-based coastal defenses have proven to be inadequate, costly, and environmentally damaging. This study critically examines these rigid infrastructure approaches and explores the potential of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), guided by the principles of landscape urbanism, improve resilience and reduce exposure to climate hazards. Using a mixed-method approach of secondary data collection and verified through literature review, this study examines how Nature-based Solutions (NbS) can provide a framework for the East Coast to adapt to climate change while redefining coastal urbanization through an ecological perspective. Additionally, the study fills a critical knowledge gap by translating global NbS discourse into localized spatial strategies for the reclaimed urban East Coast of Singapore.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ferdousi Sharmin Sumi, Razin Sachi, Sumaiya Rahman Tanisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Empowering Urban Sustainability Through Higher Education: A Strategic Framework for Student-Driven Initiatives at Istanbul Gelisim University
University campuses serve as critical infrastructures within specific regions, playing a pivotal role in the development of surrounding communities by fostering knowledge dissemination and contributing to the establishment of knowledge clusters. This study explores the impact of Istanbul Gelisim University’s sustainability initiatives, focusing on student engagement, strategic planning, collaboration, and innovation as key drivers of urban sustainability. Using structured questionnaires, the research gathers quantitative data on students’ perceptions and identifies barriers, opportunities, and strategies for enhancing sustainability efforts on campus. It proposes an integrated framework combining current practices with innovative, actionable steps to guide sustainable campus development. Emphasising alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the study highlights the university’s role in minimising environmental impact and promoting inclusive stakeholder participation. Key recommendations include forming a sustainability committee, launching awareness campaigns, conducting energy audits, and initiating waste reduction programs. Long-term goals suggest investing in renewable energy, incorporating sustainability into infrastructure planning, and supporting sustainability-focused research. This approach positions Gelisim University as a model for sustainability in higher education, demonstrating how education, collaboration, and practical initiatives can address urban sustainability challenges and empower students to contribute meaningfully to a sustainable future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola, Hourakhsh Ahmad Nia, Abdulaziz Alsharif , Murat Arapoğlu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Design Strategies to Prevent Sexual Harassment at Public Transportation Nodes: A Case Study of Transit-Oriented Development Areas in Bangkok, Thailand
One in three women and one in six men experience sexual harassment, which is still a widespread problem. The study employs the conceptual frameworks of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) to investigate Bangkok's public transit system and communities susceptible to sexual offenses. By examining crime statistics and environmental variables, the research pinpoints areas at risk of sexual crimes. This study applied physical analysis of public transportation development areas to identify appropriate locations and construct questionnaires to inquire about public perceptions of safety. The findings demonstrate that poorly planned public places, such as dark locations and isolated sidewalks, raise the crime rate and heighten feelings of unsafety. Low visibility and insufficient surveillance also raise perceived and actual dangers. The study helps create appropriate design guidelines and emphasizes the need for gender-inclusive urban planning to develop safe and socially equitable areas in Bangkok's future public transit zones.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pimpitcha Rojplasathien, Pattamon Selanon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Bridging Urban Mobility Gaps: Integrating Rapid Transit Railways into Lusaka City’s Transport Network
This study explores the feasibility of a rapid transit railway system to address Lusaka City's growing transportation challenges caused by rapid urbanization and population growth. The research proposes the Chongwe-Kafue line through Lusaka to enhance urban mobility. Using Google Earth and QGIS for station identification, mapping and distance analysis, the study delineates a 92.8 km main corridor with 13 branch-off lines spanning 51.6 km, including two direct airport connections, designed to enhance accessibility and efficiency. Travel time analysis, based on Delhi Metro’s operational model, estimates a 105.6-minute journey with an average speed of 60 km/h. Additionally, fare structures and construction costs were evaluated. The findings demonstrate the system's viability as an efficient alternative to minibus-dominated transport, offering reduced travel times and improved connectivity, stimulating economic growth and supporting sustainable urban development. This research provides a practical framework for policymakers and urban planners to implement a feasible transit solution in Lusaka.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mwiza Nalomba, Erastus Misheng’u Mwanaumo, Penjani Hopkins Nyimbili, Wellington Didibhuku Thwala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Impact of Changing Ground-Floor Functions on Sidewalk Accessibility in Urban Spaces
In urban space design, pedestrian movement and circulation areas play a crucial role. Sidewalks, as part of pedestrian circulation areas, serve as boundary elements at the interface between architecture and the city, functioning as connectors that facilitate pedestrian movement and act as thresholds between transport modes and structures. However, the functional diversity of adjacent buildings and the interplay of active and passive transport modes lead to accessibility issues. Changing functions of ground-floor units and their increasing outdoor expansions negatively impact sidewalk accessibility. This study examines how evolving commercial ground-floor functions affect sidewalk accessibility, focusing on Elif Su Uludağ Street in the Sarıçam district of Adana, Turkey. Findings reveal that diversifying commercial functions increases outdoor use and sidewalk encroachments, reducing accessibility and hindering pedestrian mobility. The study concludes that sidewalks should be planned according to evolving functions, emphasising that safety, property boundaries, and accessibility must be considered together to prevent sidewalk encroachments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tuğçe Aladağ , Yelda Durgun Şahi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A Global Perspective on Quality of Urban Life: A Comparative Analysis of Spatial Quality Criteria
The concept of urban design is a set of planning and design principles that shape the aesthetic quality and physical order of urban spaces. It also ensures that cities are sustainable, effective and livable. The key to creating livable and healthy cities is to determine the principles aimed at increasing the quality of urban space and to make these principles measurable. This study aims to identify the criteria used to evaluate urban spatial quality, examine how these criteria are applied in cities from different countries, and assess the overall quality of urban life. Within the scope of the research, the concept of “Quality of Urban Life” (QoUL) was addressed and QoUL was evaluated in the selected cities. The urban spatial quality criteria were determined based on a literature review and integrated into the evaluation form. At the conclusion of the study, a comparative analysis was conducted between cities in terms of QoUL criteria and a general framework was presented regarding the spatial quality of cities. Ultimately, this research contributes to the development of objective measurement methods for urban quality assessment and offers a guiding framework to enhance the livability of cities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pelin Keçecioğlu Dağlı, Denanti Nur Iwani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Tools and Lifehacks for Participatory Design of Public Spaces with Children 5-16 as Co-Authors
The paper explore the transformative potential of children's empowerment in shaping public environments, including schoolyards. It provides insights why participatory practices are essential and can the methods of participatory design with children in learning environment be implemented in urban placemaking. The authors share practical methodologies that engage young children to harness their ideas to enhance public spaces. Architects, educators, psychologists and placemakers present the model of participatory design with children as co-authors based on theoretical framework of Vygotsky’s theory, the "ladder of participation" of Roger Hart, and International Association for Public Participation (IAP2) model. They highlight unique challenges and opportunities, the crucial conditions for participation, techniques for interpreting children's wishes and assessing their involvement in decision-making processes, practical tools to support children's self-expression and active participation. The data is ten contextually relevant projects with kids, fostering a strong sense of identity and community. The outcomes, illustrating how these practices transform physical spaces and rejuvenate relationships within the school, promoting collaborative and project-based learning, and in public spaces for kids and their families.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tatiana Le-van, Bella Filatova, Alexandra Chertkova, Lubov Gurary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rethinking Educational Spaces: How Technology and Architecture Reshape Control and Social Dynamics in Schools
As technology reshapes our lives, school buildings, too, are undergoing a dramatic shift in terms of their curriculum, modus operandi and building typologies. New tools and technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud-based systems, remote education, in addition to an ever increasingly networked society affects the way students learn and teachers teach. In this paper, we explore a new school typology that converges digital and physical spaces, and offers novel teaching and learning environments for the future generation of students and teachers. We survey new design approaches in education, compare existing transformations of other relevant building typologies, and illustrate the application of our findings on a real-world case study. First, we map out the program of physical and/or digital spaces of future school buildings, second, we develop new design approaches to converge the two, and finally, illustrate a replicable framework for a new school typology in Türkiye.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mustafa Alper Aykam, İmdat As https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Developments of Medieval Romanesque and Byzantine to Modern Architecture through the Gothic: Recourse to the Darwin’s Theory
This study appraised the developments from Medieval Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic styles to Modern Architecture through a historical deductive research method. It posits that developments in Gothic and Modern Architecture were adapted from the Romanesque by what Darwin implied in the human and animal body, as beneficial selection. In this way, the study observed that major features of the Romanesque are copious in the Gothic and Modern Architecture. However, the study showed that this was further inflected in response to the demands of the era. The study observed that these demands in Gothic and Modern Architecture are a response to climate change and technical improvements in ecclesiastical architecture respectively. Thus, this study attempts to contribute to the discourse relating the human body and the changing demands of eras to architecture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oluwanifemi Popoola, Morisade Adegbie, Rokhsaneh Rahbarianyazd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Data-Driven Insights into LEED Certification Trends: Saudi Arabia's Path to Sustainability
This study investigates the adoption and impact of LEED certification in Saudi Arabia, aligning with the nation’s Vision 2030 goals for sustainability and environmental stewardship. It analyzes trends over the past decade, focusing on certification growth, building types, rating levels (Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum), and regional distribution. Data were collected from public directories and official LEED databases to identify patterns and driving factors. Findings reveal a consistent increase in LEED-certified projects, predominantly in major cities such as Riyadh, Jeddah, and the Eastern Province. Commercial and institutional buildings lead in certification, with a noticeable rise in Platinum-level projects. The study concludes that LEED certification is increasingly influencing sustainable urban development in the Kingdom. The insights provided can support policymakers, planners, and developers in advancing green building initiatives and promoting environmentally responsible construction practices across Saudi Arabia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hala Sirror, Zeinab Alhassan, Malathe Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Evaluation of Spatial Uncertainty and its Elements in Different Types of Spaces
Uncertainty in the field of architecture is a concept that shapes the design process, free from negativity, and can be analyzed through various subcategories. Spatial uncertainty, one such category, refers to the undefined nature of factors influencing space and offers flexibility, presenting a forward-looking approach to innovation in architecture. It can be categorized into three aspects: functional, formal, and user-oriented, enabling these elements to be analyzed through space. Recognizing these distinctions helps clarify the concept’s complexity and assess its impact on the design process. For this purpose, spatial uncertainty elements will be examined through building examples selected from different types of spaces. To make the uncertainty levels measurable, the Shannon Entropy method will be used to evaluate the effects of spatial uncertainty on the design process, and a new perspective will be put forward in the literature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Goncagül Altunışık, Hande Düzgün Bekdaş https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis of Multi-Story Timber Residential Buildings in Finland (1995-2025)
By the end of 2024, Finland had approximately 1.55 million buildings, excluding holiday residences and agricultural structures, with residential buildings accounting for nearly 65% of the total gross floor area. Among European countries, Finland ranks second after Spain in terms of the proportion of multi-story residential buildings, with nearly 47% of Finnish housing units located in such structures. Despite an annual construction rate of 35,000–45,000 new housing units, timber multi-story apartments represent only 1% of total new housing construction. However, when two-story buildings are included, the market share of wooden residential buildings increases to approximately 6%. By March 2025, Finland had constructed around 200 timber residential buildings exceeding two stories, comprising 6,000 apartments. In recent years, the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) in frame-based volumetric modular element construction has gained significant traction within Finland’s timber residential sector, reflecting a growing shift toward industrialized wood-based building solutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Markku Karjalainen, Hüseyin Emre Ilgın https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Harnessing The Power of Healthy Rhythmic Daylight: A Simulation-based Approach in Healthcare Environments
This research aims to examine and evaluate the presence and quality of rhythmic daylight in healthcare facilities, particularly in patients' rooms. The study evaluates whether the natural lighting design within these rooms simulates and mimics rhythmic patterns found in natural daylight. Using computer simulation tools, such as VELUX Daylight Visualizer and Rhino with ALFA, this research evaluates key daylight performance metrics, including daylight illuminance, color temperature, daylight factor, daylight availability, and the melanopic/photopic ratio in selected patient rooms at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in Irbid City. Results indicate that current daylight conditions fail to provide adequate exposure to rhythmic daylight cycles, potentially disrupting patients’ circadian regulation. This study emphasizes the need for evidence-based daylighting strategies that integrate circadian-supportive design principles into healthcare architecture. These strategies aim to create environments that promote better health outcomes and well-being in healthcare settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sana’a Al-Rqaibat, Maram Alzyout https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Optimizing Powerline Infrastructure Inspection, Monitoring And Asset Management Using UAVs And Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Ensuring the reliability of powerline infrastructure requires efficient inspection and maintenance. Traditional methods are labor-intensive, costly, and expose workers to risks. This project integrates Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance powerline inspection and predictive maintenance. The system employs a Tello drone to capture high-resolution images, which are processed using OpenCV and analyzed by a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to detect faults such as insulator cracks, conductor sagging, and corrosion. Findings demonstrated an 62% fault detection accuracy, with the AI model correctly identifying and classifying defects in powerline components. The system’s real-time monitoring capability significantly improved fault identification speed compared to manual inspections. Additionally, the asset management framework enabled proactive maintenance scheduling, reducing downtime by 40%. These findings highlight the potential of AI-UAV integration to improve infrastructure reliability, reduce costs, and enhance worker safety, making powerline management more efficient and sustainable.
Copyright (c) 2025 Faustin A. S. Banda, Chilombo Sakahundu, Penjani Hopkins Nyimbili, Erastus Misheng’u Mwanaumo, Wellington Didibhuku Thwala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The question "What is architecture?" is challenging to answer due to its complexity, diverse implications, and its integration into human activity worldwide, from prehistoric history to contemporary applications. This study proposes a methodological approach combining theoretical and experimental exercises. These exercises address environmental laws, the physical dynamics of small and large towns, and the impact of the built environment on both the collective population and individual inhabitants. Our findings highlight the significance of daily construction practices and reveal how modern physics discoveries influence not only the artistic but also the scientific and emotional understanding of the built environment. The global implications of this research are substantial, offering deeper insights into architectural practices and enabling the reproduction and amplification of these insights, ultimately enriching our understanding and engagement with the world.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iovita Vichente, Kampeanou Xristina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Experiential Interiors for Growth-Oriented Brands: Evaluating a Coffee Chain's Interim Concept Design
This study investigates the interplay between interior design and customer experience in shaping marketing strategies, with a specific focus on a growth-oriented coffee chain’s development of a new interior concept for future stores. The analysis is guided by the Service Opportunity Matrix (SOM), a strategic framework in business and service management that facilitates a systematic understanding of service processes. A multi-site case study was conducted across distinct store locations, employing contextual inquiries, on-site interviews, and a comprehensive analysis of the customer journey. Key interior touchpoints—awareness & attract, purchase & pick-up, and eat-drink & experience—were identified and examined to uncover critical pain points within the customer experience. Mapping these areas of improvement onto the SOM framework revealed the necessity for a cohesive, integrated strategy that optimizes each touchpoint across both temporal and spatial dimensions. The findings highlight the critical need to align service environment design with operational efficiency and brand authenticity to ensure consistent, exceptional customer experiences that support sustainable economic growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suzan Girginkaya Akdağ, Pınar Sunar Bükülmez, Gamze Ekin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Bamboo Dome: Tradition meets Digital Manufacturing
This study describes the design and construction process of a bamboo dome structure within the framework of an Indo-German international project. The design of the dome developed in collaboration with a group of students. Each student creates a design idea for each of the triangles on the dome with a specific design idea and connection details. The design aims to demonstrate how bamboo material can be designed using digital manufacturing techniques as well as constructed using traditional connection methods. The aim of the design build project is not only to construct a bamboo dome, but also to investigate how bamboo can be integrated with modern manufacturing techniques. In the design, specific connectors and surfaces are planned to be produced using digital fabrication tools that will be integrated into the dome design. Therefore, this research, aims to provide a model for sustainable and innovative building systems by investigating the integration of bamboo with digital fabrication.
Copyright (c) 2025 Berna Abanoz, Gregor Grunwald, Vasanth K. Bhat, Sudhir Acharya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Unmanned Stores and Interior Architecture
Unmanned stores represent a revolutionary shift in the retail industry, integrating artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to streamline operations and enhance customer convenience. By eliminating traditional checkout processes, these cashier-less stores introduce new challenges and opportunities for interior architecture. This study explores the spatial implications of unmanned retail environments, focusing on store layout, wayfinding strategies, and material selection through a comparative case study of leading unmanned stores. Findings indicate that the success of these stores depends on flexible spatial configurations, intuitive navigation, AI-driven personalization, and adaptive lighting systems that enhance the user experience. However, concerns regarding security, data privacy, and accessibility remain significant challenges. As retail automation continues to evolve, interior architects must develop human-centered design strategies that balance technology with usability. Future trends suggest that augmented reality (AR), biometric authentication, and sustainable materials will further redefine the design of unmanned retail spaces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mustafa Kucuktuvek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Impact of Landmarks’’ Visibility on Children’s Navigational Performance: A Visual Graph and Behavior Analysis in Bahraini Primary Schools
Architectural Characteristics of school-built environments significantly impact students’ learning experiences, perceptions, and behaviors. While existing literature predominantly focuses on adults’ perceptions, research on navigational performance often overlooks the critical role of visual landmark visibility in fostering students’ self-confidence, safety, and well-being. Therefore, this study addresses the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical applications by examining the impact of landmarks’ visibility on navigational behavior, aiming to improve the spatial experience for primary school students in Bahrain. The study integrates Space Syntax through Visibility Graph Analysis to assess landmark visibility across two primary school buildings. It also employs behavior analysis through descriptive frequency count to evaluate students’ confidence levels and confusion during the navigational process. The qualitative and quantitative results reveal that landmarks’ visibility significantly impacts navigational performance, offering recommendations to designers and policymakers to curate school designs that enhance students’ learning experience while promoting their mental and physical well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amal Attiya, Najla Allani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Bauhaus Principles and Reflection on Design by Women
The Bauhaus school was a revolution in itself, it had an entirely different approach to teaching students and that is what made it famous and a milestone in design education. But what is often forgotten is that apart from important men at Bauhaus, there was this group of women at Bauhaus who made innumerable contributions to making it the Bauhaus it ultimately became. They became the masters of their respective arts and this was an entire journey that displays their hard work and determination to learn. They made many artifacts not only in the women-dominated weaving workshops but also in the ceramic, wood, and metal departments. This research aims to explain Bauhaus movement, the impact of the women at Bauhaus movement, and their concept on design. The examined examples has been chosen among the valuable units in order to be clear and compare the way the supporters express their examples.
Copyright (c) 2025 Burcin SALTIK https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Shaping Space with Color: Perception, Emotion, and Representation
Color plays a fundamental role in architectural design, influencing both perception and emotional response within a built environment. Beyond its aesthetic and psychological impact, color is also an essential tool in architectural representation, shaping the way ideas, concepts, and spatial intentions are communicated. From hand-drawn sketches to advanced digital renderings, the evolution of representational techniques has transformed how architects visualize and materialize design solutions. This paper explores the intersection of color, perception, and representation in architecture, analyzing how chromatic choices affect spatial experience, cultural interpretation, and design communication. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the study examines historical and contemporary examples, technological advancements, and material innovations that expand the possibilities of color application in both built space and architectural drawing. By bridging perception and expression, this research highlights the crucial role of color in architectural practice, not only as a design strategy but also as a medium for articulating spatial narratives and engaging with users.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Moreira Pinto, Ana Fidalgo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Examining the Concepts of Future and Experimentation in Architecture through Expo2025
Architecture is a discipline that reflects changing trends, offering new perspectives on the evolving world and bridging the gap between the past and the present. Today’s rapidly advancing technologies are influencing design in pavilions at fairs, exhibitions, Expos, and biennales, introducing innovative approaches. This study aims to examine the concept of experimentation and analyze how new approaches in materials, design processes, and production techniques are applied in pavilions designed for future-oriented projects. The study will focus on pavilions designed for Expo 2025 in Japan, examining them within the framework of the theme "Designing the Society of the Future for Our Lives" and the impact of the concept of experimentation on the design process. The analysis will evaluate innovative approaches in the form, materials, and structure of the pavilions. In recent years, the changing design paradigm, coupled with experimental approaches in pavilions, has increasingly reflected socio-cultural interactions as well as the influence of new technologies and production techniques. This process provides a fresh perspective on these new approaches, offering an opportunity to assess developments throughout the design process and creating a unique roadmap for the future of architectural design.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayşegül ÇELENK ÇAVDAR, Cengiz TAVŞAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Conditions of the Moon as Assessment Criteria: Turkish Moon Bases Competition Case
Sustainable human presence on the Moon is directly proportional to humanity's capacity to adapt to the Moon's environmental conditions. Designs on the lunar surface must be tailored to the physical conditions of the Moon. Within the scope of this study, a preliminary literature review identified atmosphere, pressure, wind, temperature, radiation, gravity, and dust as conditions that directly affect habitat design on the Moon, with each condition expressed as an evaluation criterion. As the sample area, five architectural design projects awarded in the Turkey Moon Bases National Idea Competition (Professional Category-2022) were analyzed. The main question of the study is to what extent these designs respond to the specified criteria. Based on the second literature review, which analyzed and clarified lunar conditions in depth, the projects were scored according to their compliance with the established criteria. Each project's site plan, plans, sections, 3D visuals, and project reports were evaluated on a scale of 100 points. In this context, a knowledge-based evaluation was conducted as an alternative to jury-based evaluation. Analyzing the projects from the Turkey Moon Base Competition is significant in providing a knowledge base for future studies in this field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sema Kirici, Pinar Dinc Kalayci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
AI and Louis Kahn's Exeter Library: Reimagining Monumentality, Materiality, and Human Experience through Generative Design
This research paper explores a central and timely question: Can artificial intelligence understand architectural meaning? Using Louis Kahn's theory of "served" and "servant" spaces as a philosophical framework, the study investigates how AI interprets architecture beyond formal simulation into the realms of ethics, atmosphere, and symbolic structure. As one of Kahn's most iconic works, the Exeter Library exemplifies monumental form, human-centred space, and material spirituality. By generating visual outputs using MidJourney and evaluating them through five analytical categories—monumentality, spatial order, light, material, and semiotics—this research examines whether AI can approximate meaningful architecture's emotional and metaphysical essence. While AI tools offer impressive capabilities regarding efficiency, environmental responsiveness, and form generation, they often struggle to grasp the humanistic, symbolic, and moral dimensions embedded in architecture. This paper argues that when guided by architectural theory and evaluated through semiotic frameworks, AI can act as a generator of form and as a reader of architectural values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hidayet Softaoğlu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Water Lines and Urban Design- Lisbon’s ‘Liquid Framework’ as a Conceptual Tool to Shape a New Sustainable Balance
From Vitruvius’s foundational architectural writings to Roman monumental infrastructure to Haussmann’s renewed Paris, the human drive to manipulate water flow has determined cities’ formal evolution. How can architecture today give shape to water sustainability? Departing from Moore’s idea of spatial “liquid framework”, this paper explores the interpretation of urban water and urban form as two intertwined city layers with an ever-tightening geometry and capillarity, continuously linked and synthetizing new urban and housing typologies. A conceptual matrix is proposed, unfolding water and urban design dualities. Lisbon’s case study, like many related cities, can be described through this analytical model, in a two-direction temporal regard: looking back, a palimpsest of urban water’s material and immaterial concepts overlapping in a downstream topography; and looking forward, a Mediterranean urban context facing future drought and flood risks, demanding opportunities for a new sustainable balance reconnecting natural flows with public space and built circularity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Margarida Maurício https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cinema as a Mirror of Urban Identity Crisis: Semiotics and Sustainability in ‘Dark City’
Identity is a foundational element of human civilization, shaping the meaning and sustainability of urban spaces. This study examines how evolving identities, influenced by modernism, impact urban sustainability, using the film Dark City as a case study. Modernism has extremely altered individual and collective identities, with these shifts evident in cultural mediums like cinema. Applying a semiotic analysis framework, the research analyzes sustainable place indicators to assess identity’s role in defining spaces. Findings indicate that modernism has eroded place identity, weakening urban sustainability in social, environmental, and cultural dimensions. The study concludes that sustaining meaningful urban environments requires preserving and revitalizing identity, positioning it as a critical factor in future urban development. By linking cinematic representation to real-world urban challenges, this research highlights the urgent need to reconcile modernity with place-based identity to foster resilient, sustainable cities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marjan Alikhanzadeh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Contribution of Glass Material to the Circular Economy: Recycling and Reuse Approaches
In the construction industry, although glass is an indispensable building material due to its structural, aesthetic, and functional properties, the material’s disposal at the end of its life cycle -as well as the raw material extraction and production processes required for new materials- contributes to an increase in environmental issues. This study aims to examine the contributions of recycling and reusing glass materials to the circular economy. Within the scope of this research, the life cycle of glass-based materials has been analyzed, and sustainable projects implementing reuse and recycling applications have been investigated. The findings indicate that by reducing glass waste and enhancing resource, environmental problems can be mitigated, thereby increasing sustainability in the construction sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emine Merve Müderrisoğlu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Designing inclusive loggia spaces for urban resilience to climate change
Based on the experience of people with diverse abilities, recent qualitative research suggests semi-open loggia spaces to face extreme weather conditions in buildings and cities. Aiming at social justice and resilience to climate change, it is pertinent to question the morphological implications of the mentioned qualitative research for architecture and urban rehabilitation. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, we used this qualitative evidence as starting point to study exploratory forms of loggias, through research-by-design. The results suggest that safety and multisensory experiences may be improved by 1. pathways free of obstacles in sidewalks; 2. shading devices without possibilities of child climbing over balconies; 3. relaxing areas in different levels than the main walkways in urban beaches. These findings may contribute to improving the design of loggia spaces and to increasing the adaptation of buildings and cities to climate change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Mourão Pereira, Teresa Valsassina Heitor, Ann Heylighen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Analysis of LEED Certified Projects in Antalya Within the Scope of Sustainable Building Design
LEED Certificate, which is of American origin, is an international evaluation system that reveals the sustainability of buildings. Within the scope of the study, LEED Certified projects in Antalya were scanned and their sustainability was examined. The purpose of the study is to reveal which criteria support the sustainability of projects within the scope of LEED. In addition, the five projects in the sample of the study were compared and their strengths and weaknesses were discussed. In the study, an evaluation was made on the score cards of LEED Certified projects using the descriptive design method. As a result, among these five projects, Güzel Enerji Fuel Station and Otokoç Otomotiv showed the highest success, receiving 73 out of 100 with the LEED O+M: Existing Buildings (v4.1) Gold certificate. Then, the LEED BD+C: Hospitality (v4) Gold certified Kempinski The Dome Belek Villas and the LEED BD+C: New Construction (v4) Gold certified Technopark Administrative Building achieved above average success by receiving 62 points out of 110. Finally, it has been revealed that the LEED BD+C: Hospitality (v4) Silver certified Süral Saray Hotel achieved a success slightly below the average by receiving 50 points out of 110.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gözde Çakır Kıasıf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Towards Eco-Friendly Brick Production in Rajshahi: Overcoming Barriers to Transition from Traditional Practices
Traditional clay bricks are the most used construction material in Bangladesh, yet its manufacture pose considerable environmental and health problems. Pollution from energy-intensive processes has led to calls for a switch to automated, cleaner manufacturing. The transition to automation is being pushed by governments and other organizations. This study investigates the obstacles of the shift from traditional to automated brick manufacture in Rajshahi, Bangladesh's third-largest metropolitan area, using surveys and interviews with kiln owners and operators at the root level. The findings show that approximately 90% of kilns still utilize polluting Fixed Chimney Kilns (FCKs), with little awareness of sustainable alternatives. Excessive investment, lack of experience, limited access to subsidies, qualified personnel, and equipment are all significant impediments. This paper identifies policy and technology options that will enable this transformation. The findings give a framework for policymakers to promote environmentally friendly brick production throughout Bangladesh.
Copyright (c) 2025 ohammad Rifat Hasan, Sheikh Hameem, Sabrina Aftab, Ezajul Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Background: the research developed in the field of Architecture Education, considering the preceding texts about an Architectonic Mind. Purpose: to “draw” a turning point, based on the previous research, so that, through those results, we can give an answer to the new challenges. Methodology: based on a critical analysis, to revisit concepts, in a changing world context, towards the discovery of new methodologies, reflecting in the present and future concerns and expectations. Results and conclusions: the idea is to "close" a “step”, through the review and conclusion of the earlier investigations and formulate the construction of a new path, where new premises emerge, so that we can prepare the future architects, aware of the condition of the real world now, but conscious, however, of the pillars on which the today demanded transformations are based on.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Paula Rainha, Ana Bordalo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Architecture in Egypt: A Historical Analysis
The growth of what we may, in the present context, describe as "unsustainable architecture" began with the industrial revolution, as more and more new technologies were incorporated into the fabric of buildings. Before all these developments most buildings employed the properties of material and form to provide appropriate relationships between their uses and the environments. In other words, Buildings of the past were sustainable. This paper will present the background of Sustainable Architecture features in Egypt by studying ancient Egyptian architecture to address sustainability features through architecture heritage with focus on the ancient civilization and Islamic civilization in Egypt. The research methodology encompasses the establishment of criteria for evaluating sustainability of architectural products, followed by a comprehensive review of these products during periods under study. Furthermore, the historical approaches towards sustainable architecture examined allows the formulation of recommendations aimed at enhancing contemporary Egyptian architecture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sara Alansary, Dalia Abdelfattah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Symbolism and Concept in Design: Lessons from Crafting the Alanya University Logo for Architecture Students
Designing a logo for a university demands a forward-looking perspective, balancing institutional identity with local heritage. This study examines the strategic process of logo development for Alanya University, employing feasibility studies, search conferences, and focus group findings. Preliminary research entailed scanning existing university logos in Turkey for best practices, emphasising simplicity, distinctiveness, and scalability across diverse media. Drawing upon Alanya's natural environment, the final colour palette symbolises the region's multifaceted character, whilst geometric elements reference local historical motifs like the Seljuki star. Futura, a modernist font, was carefully chosen to convey professionalism and inclusivity, aligning with the institution's mission and values. The result is a flexible logo that resonates with staff, students, and the broader community, imparting a warm yet globally relevant image. This merges cultural authenticity with contemporary design principles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erol SAYIN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A Phenomenological Dialogue Between Nature and Humanity: Traces of Local Knowledge in Marco Casagrande's Architecture
Architectural phenomenology focuses on the perceptual-sensory and bodily experiences of humans, examining the human-space relationship and the concept of 'place.' 'Place' is not merely a physical setting but a lived experience shaped by human interaction with the environment. This study investigates the relationship between nature and humanity phenomenologically and analyzing Marco Casagrande's Bug Dome, Cicada, and Sandworm projects to explore the concept of 'place' and the role of local knowledge. Casagrande integrates local knowledge, materials, techniques, and community participation for an architecture that evolves with nature and society. The related projects are not only aesthetic and functional structures but also experiential tools that transcend stylistic boundaries and present a design philosophy that deepens the meaningful relationship between nature and humanity. 'Place-making' serves as a critique of urbanization disconnected from nature and as a participatory process and transformative mechanism that strengthens the human-nature relationship.
Copyright (c) 2025 İrem Can İğci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Alliance of BIM and Artificial Intelligence: Challenges for a Reinvented Future – The State of the Art
The alliance of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is critical for transforming construction management, particularly to fostering more efficient and innovative practices. Despite the progress made in integrating BIM and AI, challenges remain, such as interoperability between different platforms and data structures, as well as concerns over data security concerns when AI algorithms are applied in construction projects. This study aims to examine these challenges and to propose strategies for successfully integrating AI into BIM workflows, enhancing efficiency and safety in construction management. A literature review was conducted to examine research published on the integration of BIM and AI, identifying key challenges, gaps and proposed solutions to improve interoperability, data security and workflow optimization. The study advocates the adoption of standards protocols and unified application programming interfaces (APIs) to improve data exchange between BIM and AI systems. It also highlights the importance of data encryption, AI skills development and a comprehensive training framework within organizations to ensure successful implementation of AI-integrated BIM.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ellyssa Abdelmoula, Meriem Zammel, Najla Allani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mental Worlds Shaped by Neuroarchitecture: The Effects of Indoor Materials on Brain Activity and Emotional Well-Being
This research explored how interior materials—natural wood, processed wood, concrete, and metal—influence brain activity, cognition, and emotional well-being in university environments. The study involved 35 participants, using EEG to monitor brain responses, the Stroop test to assess cognitive performance, and POMS test to evaluate emotions, with data analyzed via machine learning and statistical methods. Findings revealed natural wood yielded the best cognitive outcomes (93% accuracy, quick responses), boosted emotional calm (low negativity, high vigor), and fostered neural relaxation. Processed wood showed comparable benefits, whereas concrete and metal correlated with reduced cognition, elevated stress, and emotional disturbance. EEG analysis effectively identified material-specific effects. The study highlights wood’s potential to enhance productivity and mental health in learning and work settings, urging a rethink of material choices in design to improve urban living standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 Murat CEYLAN, İlker ERKAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Artificial Intelligence in Architectural Education: New Learning and Design Approaches
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been increasingly incorporated into architectural design and education, offering advanced capabilities in data analytics, machine learning, and visual generation. “Such tools could offer architects and planners both theoretical data bases and practical platform to implement proposed strategies” (Nafa & Husain, 2021). AI-powered tools enable the optimization of design decisions, the provision of personalized solutions based on user needs, and the acceleration of parametric design processes. This study aims to examine the role of AI in architectural education by identifying its benefits and potential limitations. A qualitative research approach based on a comprehensive literature review. It systematically examines how AI tools can be utilized in architectural education to support students in solving design problems, analyzing different scenarios, and developing innovative solutions. Various AI applications are categorized according to their usage in design education, and their effectiveness is assessed through comparative analysis. The findings indicate that AI-assisted design processes offer architecture students new creative opportunities, helping them generate optimized solutions and explore diverse design alternatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatmanur Atalay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This paper talks about the results of the “SHArch – Second Hand for confiscated property” group has set the goal of investigating aspects of a complex but fascinating subject that sums up a series of issues to which architecture and academic research today is necessarily obliged to provide answers. If unfinished architectures, through new good practices, to some extent find a place in the debate on contemporary architecture, the theme of confiscated architectures continues to be a red flag of the critical issues strongly present especially in Italy, with a strong predominance of the phenomenon in southern Italy. The decision to use confiscated architectures led the research team to question not only the possible function that the space could acquire, but the objective was to be able to translate the artefact into an object that could avoid further consumption of land – in addition to that already used – so as to be able to maintain a minimal impact on the demolition of the pre-existence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Concetta Tavoletta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
How Can Smart City Technologies be Utilized to Align With and Enhance the Principles of Islamic Architecture?
In an era of rapid urbanization, smart cities leverage technologies like AI and IoT to enhance sustainability and optimize resource usage. However, integrating these innovations raises concerns about preserving cultural identities, especially within Islamic architecture. Rooted in religious, cultural, and social principles, Islamic architecture emphasizes sustainability, privacy, harmony with nature, and community cohesion. This research explores how smart city technologies can align with Islamic architectural principles. Using literature reviews, case studies, and community surveys, the study examines the potential for harmonizing technological innovation with Islamic values. Examples like Masdar City in the UAE show how advanced technologies can coexist with traditional Islamic design elements. Community surveys highlight opportunities and challenges, including privacy, social interaction, and economic accessibility. The findings stress the importance of integrating Islamic architectural values into smart city frameworks to preserve cultural heritage and promote sustainable, inclusive, and human-centered urban living. Recommendations are provided for designing future cities that balance technological progress with cultural authenticity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reem Sultan, Hawra’a Al Matooq, Fatima Mulla, Tuqa Alaani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mapping the Density, Diversity, and Digitization of the 21st Century: The Diagrammatic Architecture of MVRDV
“Cities have distinctive identities that vary physically according to their geographical location, demographics, culture, environment, and economic factors” (Nafa & Husain, 2021), thus, In today’s rapidly changing architectural environment, the need for new approaches to generate knowledge is increasingly important. In this era of growing complexities, diagrams have become a crucial tool in architecture, establishing the relationship between the abstract and the concrete. This research aims to explore how diagrams can be utilized to address the challenges related to density, diversity and digitization of the 21st century and provide insights into the diagram’s potential future practices. The qualitative content analysis method has been adopted, with data gathered from the unbuilt/diagrammatic works of MVRDV, a firm known for its innovative and speculative projects in the field. Findings revealed that diagrams are mostly utilized to shape forward-thinking designs, unite stakeholders, integrate data and technology into architectural spaces, and discuss environmental issues. This study emphasizes the potential of diagrams in linking architectural practice to contemporary challenges, suggesting that this potential could be further explored through various design examples and discourse in the future studies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aslı Yücel, Hande Düzgün Bekdaş https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Standards and Institutional Approaches in Landscape Architecture Education: Case of Turkey
Since the end of the 19th century, landscape architecture, a transdisciplinary profession, has defined a quality educational framework with many global and local institutions to train competent professionals. The education of landscape architecture in Turkey is predicated on experiential learning, emphasizing the triad of design, planning, and management within the purview of TYYC and PEMDER's standards. The objective of this research is to ascertain the current state of the landscape architecture education environment, considering the educational standards of Turkey. Within the scope of the study, the undergraduate program curriculums of 10 universities from various faculties in Turkey were analyzed. According to results, landscape architecture curricula in Turkey vary among institutions, emphasizing theory, design and technology, professional practice, structural materials, plant materials, and out-of-field courses. As a result, landscape architecture education in Turkey evolves while maintaining differences from established educational standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zehra Tugba Guzel, Meltem Erdem Kaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Traditional is Innovative: Redefining the Role of Conventional Building Materials and Construction Methods
Conventional building materials and construction methods are losing their significance in vernacular settlements in an attempt to be modern. In urbanisation, smaller settlements are losing their cultural identity and traditional craftsmanship in their building elements while adopting fashionable building materials, negating the regional construction methods, which can be defined as intangible cultural heritage in this project. The paper studies a few architectural practices that have defined their latest ideas and visions based on these conventional building materials and construction methods to revive and retain traditional knowledge through their work. The documentation exercise in each academic semester becomes the focal point for extracting knowledge and utilising the outcomes to transform and nurture it today. The paper explores the form of these contemporary practices, which follows the “theory - research - hands-on practice” format, and the changing role of the architect as a conscious designer to retain and transfer the cultural heritage to their peers, the community and the next generation for a better future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Neha Korde, Prachi Patel, Shalini Sheoran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
An Example of Public Art-Architecture Synthesis: TRT Arı and Orkut Studios
TRT Arı and Orkut Studios were designed in 1968 by architects Demirtaş Kamçıl and Rahmi Bediz, who played a transformative role in Ankara. Completed in 1971, the building, which is a complex that includes functions such as a school, cinema, theater, printing house, patisserie, wedding hall and office building, bears elements of the modern style. The building is also one of the rare examples of art-architecture synthesis in studios among public buildings with the ceramic panels of Ülkü Bora, Bingül Başarır, Hamiye Çolakoğlu and Cemil Eren, important ceramic artists of the period. By determining the surfaces where the artworks will take place during the design process, it appears as one of the strongest examples of art-architecture synthesis with the presence of artworks not only on the façade or entrance of the building, but also on uncommon surfaces such as columns and borders. This study aims to emphasize the relationship between the ceramic panels in TRT Arı and Orkut Studios with the space, their effect on the user's perception of space, and their contribution to the spatial experience, and the importance of TRT Arı and Orkut Studios among the buildings in the art-architecture synthesis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Candidate Almina Gürel, Çağla Caner Yüksel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Perceived Values of Zonguldak Central Scrubber Area as an Alternative Approach to Preservation of Industrial Heritage
Zonguldak, a modern industrial city in Turkey, has witnessed the highest social life and production style, urban architecture, and socio-economic relations in the 20th century. As a prominent industrial symbol in the city, the Zonguldak Central Scrubber Area has become idle with the neoliberal economy. This paper focuses on the values of this site by examining the pre- and post-industrialization status. As a methodology, conceptual and value mapping have been conducted on the data, of which both 10 semi-structured in-depth interviews with three stakeholder groups: decision-makers, site employees, and researchers and archival data. This approach presents technological, document, socio-cultural, political, aesthetic, symbolic, identity, and economic values between 1970s and 2000s. The mixed method analysis of interviews emphasizes the organic role of the stakeholders in the preservation process. The importance of the study is to reveal the multi-dimensional character of Zonguldak's industrial heritage through place-based values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nilay Nida Can, Müge Akkar Ercan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A Discussion on the Urban Identity of Bursa through the Case of The Ahmet Vefik Pasha Theater
The Ahmet Vefik Pasha Theater, established in the 1930s in Bursa, is one of the symbolic artifacts constructed in line with the modernization steps of the Turkish Republic and holds a significant place in the city's urban identity until today. On the 100th anniversary of the Republic, the building serves not only as a performance venue but also as a memory space that strengthens the connection between Bursa’s urban identity grounded on centuries-old Ottoman tradition. From this perspective, the Ahmet Vefik Pasha Theater is discussed as a cultural bridge between the past and the present of the city. Accordingly, the Theater emerges as a living cultural asset besides its architectural and historical heritage significance. Thus, this study revealed that the Ahmet Vefik Pasha Theater is not merely an architectural structure but a living component of the urban identity of Bursa, contemporarily contributing to the city’s cultural and authentic fabric.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nazlı Taraz Varışlıaslan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Searching in Phenomenology Theory in Practice, Multisensory Approach of Architecture in Historical Places
Heritage architecture, Beyond its historical, artistic or cultural value, embodies a profound symbolic significance, one that is intricately linked to the sensory experiences it evokes. Designing heritage areas must follow a unique way of dealing with the value of the heritage areas however,sensing the visitors is the target of designers while preparing their conspectus design. attracting the senses of users and having appropriate bodily experiences are major points in designing. Phenomenology in architecture, especially in heritage spaces, emphasizes the importance of a multisensory approach.In this context, architecture is a physical structure and a medium that conveys and mediates meanings through a rich tapestry of sensory experiences. This exploration will encompass various phenomena such as light, sound, smell, and texture, which are integral to creating atmospheres that define the experience – atmospheres of transcendence, eternity, community belonging, and an extraordinary spatial character. This paper aims to shift the perspective on how architecture should be approached, especially in conserving and protecting cultural heritage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alawi Sayed Sadiq, Islam Hamdi Elghonaimy, Mahtab Asvar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Evaluation of the Cultural Heritage Values and Conservation Issues of the Historic Settlement of Visby
Visby is a significant medieval settlement located on Gotland Island of Sweden and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Due to its strategic position in the Baltic Sea, Visby developed a significant trade center throughout history. Enclosed by defensive walls with guard towers, the settlement includes lots of public buildings and civil structures within its cultural landscape. This study aims to assess the cultural heritage elements of Visby and evaluate the impacts of the settlement's current usage patterns on its heritage values. The research employs field studies, mapping, and historical research methods to examine the spatial structure of the settlement. The findings reveal that Visby has largely preserved its authentic medieval urban identity. Despite being a popular tourist destination during summers, there is always a living environment throughout the year thanks to the presence of a university unit. However, the dominance of tourism over the traditional economic structure has led to the displacement of the local population.
Copyright (c) 2025 Esra Eken Güney, Burcu Taşcı https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Traditional Aurassian Architecture: A Harmony Between Identity, Environment, and Society
The traditional Aurassian architecture is distinguished by its unique response to local social, cultural, and environmental needs. This study aims to explore the specificities of this architecture, focusing on how it integrates factors such as beliefs, social relationships, climate, materials, and economic resources to create a distinctive habitat. The Aures landscape is structured into three types of settlements: scattered, semi-dispersed (mechta), and clustered (Dechra), characterized by vernacular architecture using ancestral techniques. The analysis focuses on the Chaouia house, known as "taddart," a hierarchical social and economic space that demonstrates optimal adaptation to the local context. The methodology is based on a comparative study of vernacular architectural practices and their socio-cultural influences. The results highlight the importance of integrating these principles into contemporary housing for better quality of life. This research contributes to the valorization of Aurassian architectural heritage by proposing solutions to revitalize modern housing while respecting its traditional roots.
Copyright (c) 2025 FENGHOUR ABIR, CHETARA AÏCHA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A Grounded Theory Approach to the Transformation of Railway Sites in Türkiye
This paper examines the obsolescence and transformation of historic railways in Türkiye, moving beyond conventional discussions of adaptive reuse. While existing research has primarily focused on the modes and strategies of repurposing disused railway buildings, this research investigates the broader processes of obsolescence, mapping the afterlives of railway heritage. It engages a grounded theory approach and systematically analyzes documents—maps, published articles, and local news—as primary data to trace how railway sites transition beyond their original function. It identifies key processes including expansion, abandonment, invisibility, and contested redevelopment and explores how ownership structures, policy shifts, and socio-political forces shape these transformation trajectories. This study situates these transformations across different historical periods, from the mid-19th century to the present, to develop a theoretical framework for understanding railway obsolescence in evolving urban, rural, and infrastructural contexts in Türkiye. The findings suggest a theory of “Relational Trajectories of Railway Heritage Transformation” and offer insights for heritage policymakers, planners, conservationists, and scholars engaged in transportation history, planning, adaptive reuse, and infrastructure conservation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ümmü Nur Öztürk Arslan, Bahar Aktuna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adaptive Reuse of a Complex of Three Historic Houses in the Dardasht Neighbourhood of Isfahan, Iran
Isfahan is a gorgeous historic city in Iran, well-known for the glorious buildings of the Safavid era. Dardasht is one of the significant neighbourhoods in Isfahan, consisting of elegant houses and valuable cultural heritage. There is a complex of three historic houses, Habib Abadi, Katiraei (Kadkhoda), and Badiol Sanaye, which are abandoned. This article proposes adaptive reuse to preserve this historic complex in the Dardasht neighbourhood of Isfahan. After comprehensive research about Isfahan, the neighbourhood of Dardasht, and the current situation of the houses, proposals for the adaptive reuse of this historic complex are suggested comprehensively. This historic research is based on qualitative and quantitative methods and the author’s observations. The results of this article can be useful for preservationists and conservationists in the field of cultural heritage, and also architects and interior designers in designing in the historical context of ancient cities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Narmin Babazadeh Asbagh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urban Archaeology: Hekatomnos Archaeological Site
Cities have continuously undergone change and transformation according to needs from their establishment to the present day. Each transformation phase has left traces on the city, layered over time to form urban archaeology and cultural heritage. Since the existence of humankind, curiosity about our origins and the past leads us to these remnants. While some cities preserve identities, others, particularly archaeological and protected sites, do not always achieve this. This study aims to analyse the multi-layered structure of the Hekatomnos archaeological site in Milas, Muğla, one of the oldest cities in the Caria region, and to examine participation examples in urban archaeological sites for their applicability. It further emphasises that urban archaeological sites constitute urban identity. The research analyses the potential and productivity of this site by examining local and international examples within the Caria region, which has high productivity in urban archaeology. In this context, the effects of presenting Hekatomnos’ multi-identity as a cultural route to the public will be observed. By examining examples of integrating archaeological sites into cities, specific parameters will be established to evaluate the site. This research will fill a gap in the literature on the Hekatomnos Mausoleum.
Copyright (c) 2025 İlayda Aykol, Hande Düzgün Bekdaş https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Conservation Strategy Proposal for Antakya Historic City Centre after 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
This article investigates the damage to registered buildings in the Antakya urban site following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, offering preservation recommendations based on a holistic approach that considers the buildings’ physical features, historical background, social memory, and ties to local life. There is a notable gap in comprehensive, locally focused post-disaster conservation studies for Antakya in the existing literature; this research aims to fill that gap. The methodology includes data collection, field observation, documentation, evaluation, and proposal development. Damage assessments were conducted on 250 buildings using the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake damage classification and methods developed by the Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool in 2002. Findings show that 131 buildings collapsed, while others suffered varying degrees of damage. The study highlights the importance of resilient conservation strategies grounded in international principles and supported by disaster risk management, holistic preservation, Building Information Modeling, and Integrated Project Delivery. Conducted seven months after the earthquake, this research documents original damage patterns at risk of being lost due to restoration and interventions, providing early and valuable data to the literature. As one of the first comprehensive studies to systematically examine earthquake damage to Antakya’s historic fabric, it serves as an important reference for future research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Filiz Karakuş, Esra Koyuncu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Architectural Design of the Vacant Space Adjacent to the Martha Peters House (Art University of Isfahan) in Isfahan, Iran
Martha Peters House is one of the gorgeous houses in the Jolfa neighbourhood of Isfahan. It was built during the kingdom of Shah Abbas Safavid Empire and is now used as the Art University of Isfahan. There is a vacant space between two parts of this historic house, which can be reused as an academic space at the University. This article aims to introduce and summarise the considered rules in contemporary architectural design in the neighbourhood of historic buildings. After brief research about Isfahan and the Martha Peters House, the design process of the vacant space near it is mentioned. This historic research is based on a qualitative method and the personal observations of the author. The results of this article can be useful for preservationists and conservationists in the field of cultural heritage, as well as architects and interior designers, in designing in the historic context of ancient cities worldwide.
The Role of Lost Industrial Heritage in Urban Memory: The Case of Şükraniye Small Industrial Site
This study aims to open a discussion on the place and impact of lost industrial spaces in the construction of urban memory through the example of the Şükraniye Small Industrial Bazaar located in Yıldırım District, Bursa Province. Established in the 1960s, the Şükraniye Small Industrial Bazaar was an area hosting various workshops and eateries, including blacksmiths, weavers, cutlers, foundries, and turners, where many economic activities of the city took place. While the demolition of the Şükraniye Small Industrial Bazaar is regarded as a loss of memory, urban memory, through various witnesses, enables a new process of remembrance regarding the Industrial Bazaar. As a method, the study utilised planning decisions and cadastral data demonstrating the changes in the area from past to present. Additionally, interviews were conducted with individuals who witnessed the previous state of the area, and documents revealing the transformation process were evaluated. By emphasising the significance of the bazaar, which can be considered industrial heritage, within the city’s memory, the study will propose strategies to enable the bazaar to be revived within the urban memory and identity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aylin Güney, Gökçen Kılınç Ürkmez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adaptive Reuse in Industrial Heritage: A Bibliometric Review (2004-2024)
The reuse of post-industrial sites, frequently associated with contemporary themes, represents a subject of considerable interest and study at both the architectural and urban scales. The preservation and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage act as a conduit between the past and the future, while also contributing to urban sustainability. This study analyses the existing literature on repurposed industrial heritage sites, exploring relevant themes, general trends, and current directions. This study investigates approaches, concepts, keywords, authors, documents, organisations, and references within this context. English-language articles indexed in the Web of Science database were examined using the PRISMA protocol. The data obtained from the literature review were visualised through bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer software. Quantitative data were cross-analysed with qualitative and in-depth research findings. The study identifies themes, current trends, and research gaps concerning the reuse of industrial heritage sites.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayşegül Çeltekligil, Feride Pınar Arabacıoğlu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Valorization of Cultural Heritage through the Scan-to-BIM Process –The Berber Oil Mill as a Materiality of a Total Social Fact
In the context of increasing digitalization in the construction sector, the emergence of innovative IT paradigms contributing to the virtual valorization of historic buildings enables the optimization of traditional approaches to preserving cultural heritage. In line with pedagogical experiences that rethink past objects and architectural facts by considering their overall complexity, we present a didactic approach for the regeneration of a traditional Berber oil mill located in southern Tunisia, based on the Scan-to-BIM process. This process involves acquiring historical, graphic, and geometric data to model the building in 3D, using a reverse design method. It integrates data from anthropology, history, archaeology, computer science, energetics, and architectural rehabilitation. This model can be refined and incorporated into an HBIM approach, fostering collaboration in heritage valorization while preserving authenticity and the specific context of the region, positioning it as a catalyst for sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rawen Chetouane, Faten Hussein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Greening Heritage: Sustainable Interventions in the Historic Center of Naples
The historical center of Naples is the epicenter of about three millennia of architecture, culture and urban development; being a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Though a lot of research has been done over its architectural and cultural values, still, there is a lack of light when it comes to the purpose of green spaces in such a densely built-in society and how much they contribute to the well-being of the community, how their presence is linked to environmental sustainability, and spatial resilience. This paper fills this vacuum by focusing on spatial and environmental features of historic center of Naples to assess the scope of introducing green infrastructure to the existing urban setting. The investigation of means of revitalizing the historic center is carried out using a multi-methodological approach to reach experimental Temporary Landscape interventions. The work highlights short-term actions that improve the resilience of the environment and improve social life without damaging the cultural heritage, architectural designs, and values of the community by providing a replicable framework to other urban centres in the same situation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amira Hamdy El. Sayed Abdou Abdou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Approaches to Representing School History Using School Artifacts
In our study, we examined how teachers and students identify, preserve and use artifacts in schools’ interiors and everyday studying life. Our research methods include in-depth interviews, focus groups, survey and expert discussions.Students and teachers interact with artifacts related to educational routine, history, traditions, and values of the school, architectural and interior features of the building. Schools can represent their history by: considering the whole building itself as a historical artifact, preserving interior artifacts, developing new ones, creating school museums, pseudo museums, exhibition spaces, spaces for self-expression, using artifacts in the educational process. Recommendations for representing different artifacts: preservation (historical parts of the building can be fusioned into a modern interior, emphasizing the value of the historical heritage); representation (historical elements can be used as art objects); demonstration (old stationery, diaries, notebooks, awards, personal belongings and the like in the public review); accumulation and integration; creation
Copyright (c) 2025 Elena Ivanova, Ekaterina Barsukova, Anna Ter-Grigorian, Aleksandra Iangurazova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Route as a Tool for Holistic Understanding of Industrial Heritage Areas: Kelham Island and the Furnace Trail
Kelham Island is a historic industrial area in Sheffield, England, representing the innovative initiatives of its time that transformed the city into a globally significant hub for iron and steel production. While industry shaped the city's identity, from its architecture to daily life, Kelham Island hosted technological discoveries that played a key role in industrial history, such as the mass production of steel and the invention of stainless steel. However, from the mid-20th century, as the steel industry entered a period of decline, the area was gradually abandoned. Conservation efforts initiated by the Sheffield Council in the 1980s designated Kelham Island as an "industrial conservation area." More recently, preservation work has revitalised the area, turning it into a key attraction. This study will explore industrial heritage routes that highlight the values of such areas and foster their holistic understanding, focusing on Kelham Island and the defined Furnace Trail within it.
Copyright (c) 2025 Şeyma Seyrek, Mustafa Seyrek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Impact of Historic Building Illumination on Urban Landscape: A Case Study of the Galata District
Illuminating architectural, artistic, and urban features in outdoor spaces forms the core of urban lighting practices. Among these elements, buildings hold a prominent role. The primary objective of façade lighting should surpass merely rendering structures visible at night; it should aim to enhance architectural narratives and evoke aesthetic appreciation. In this context, the illumination of historic and iconic contemporary structures, along with their surroundings, plays a pivotal role in promoting the associated urban areas and reinforcing the city’s identity. This research, centered on the Galata District, was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, a detailed analysis was conducted on the existing façade lighting of the emblematic Galata Kulesi and seven other historic buildings in its vicinity, alongside the lighting conditions of nearby pedestrian pathways. The study area, including its buildings, pathways, and existing lighting systems, was digitally modeled in three dimensions. In the second stage, proposals were developed to enhance the existing lighting conditions. These design solutions were visualized using three-dimensional models. This comprehensive study of the Galata District’s lighting environment offers targeted recommendations to highlight its historical fabric, providing a valuable resource for urban beautification initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 İrem Ayan, Leyla Dokuzer Öztürk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rethinking of Culture for Self-Sustainable Regeneration
This study aims to investigate the potential of culture-led urban mobility in the port hinterland of the historic city of İzmir to create a self-sustainable regenerative city. It draws attention to how the natural movement, movement economy and cultural significance value guide sustainable urban regeneration strategies. A range of analytical methodologies were employed, including space syntax, field survey, principal component analysis and Pearson correlation methods. The findings show that cultural heritage assets intersect with the natural movement envisaged by connectivity and integration. A positive relationship was found between the morphological indicators of space, intelligibility and synergy, and the cultural significance value. This is a significant finding for enhancing the movement economy through adaptive reuse of heritage. The study's comprehensive approach to understanding culture-led urban mobility through analyses of human perception and space syntax, with a focus on rethinking cultural heritage, is a significant contribution to the urban regeneration literature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Çağla Görgülü, Zeynep Elburz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainability of Artistic Rural Revitalization: A Multiparty Collaborative Model Centered around Social Organizations with Zhujia Village in Nanjing as an Example
With the diversification of rural construction forms and increasing expectations on rural life improve-ment, artistic rural construction has gradually developed and is being practiced in China. To accurately guide the development and optimization of art rural construction, this study summarizes art intervention implementation methods in rural construction into four categories: NPO (Non-profit Organization) led, government led, enterprise led, and multiagency cooperation centered around social organizations. By taking Zhujia Village in Shijiu Lake, Nanjing as a typical case, this study delves into the process of a central social organization settling into the rural area, the role and participation of various entities in the rural construction process, and the effectiveness of rural construction implementation in material and cultural aspects. The “Zhujia Village” cooperation model is used to inspire theoretical research and empirical art intervention application paradigms in rural construction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dongting Bao, Tingting Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Role of Geographic Information System (GIS) in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage
Cultural heritage is a fundamental component of the identity and collective memory of societies. However, population growth, unplanned development, climate change, natural disasters, and inadequate conservation efforts pose serious threats to its preservation. Sustainable conservation requires multi-component and interdisciplinary approaches. Geographic Information System (GIS) has emerged as effective tool for mapping, analyzing, conserving, and monitoring cultural heritage. This study aims to examine the role of GIS in the conservation-focused evaluation of cultural heritage elements at different scales, such as cultural landscapes and historical buildings. Case studies from various regions of Türkiye are analyzed to evaluate GIS contributions in tracking temporal changes through historical aerial photos, old and current maps, and land data; conducting integrity and authenticity analyses; and informing conservation strategies. The findings indicate that GIS supports interdisciplinary, holistic, and multi-dimensional approaches to cultural heritage conservation. This study intends to offer a methodological framework for future conservation-oriented research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayşen Etlacakuş https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Transformations of Housing in the M'Zab Valley: Contemporary Urban Challenges and Threats to Identity
The ksour of the M’Zab Valley, located in southern Algeria, were founded in 1101 by the Mozabites. These fortified villages, in their original configuration, incorporate exemplary architectural and urban planning elements, promoting sustainable habitation that is perfectly adapted to the Saharan context while reflecting local cultural identity. In recognition of their outstanding universal value, UNESCO introduced specific preservation and protection measures as early as 1982. Architect André Ravéreau described this valley as a true “lesson in urban planning”, highlighting a remarkable balance between functionality, sustainability, and respect for the Saharan ecosystem. However, the recent urbanisation transformations in the M’Zab Valley, which are the subject of my doctoral thesis, reveal significant changes. New development projects, located outside the walls surrounding the ksour, are multiplying to meet a growing demand for housing. Although necessary, these interventions create a rupture with the urban landscape and the Saharan architectural identity. A chronological analysis of architectural samples makes it possible to trace the elements that have been abandoned, reproduced, or transformed over time, while questioning how these developments reflect Saharan identity and impact the built heritage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Snoussi Mohamed islam, Najem Dhaher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Revitalizing Spaces: Balancing Preservation and Modernization in Historic Buildings
This study explores the revitalization of historic buildings while balancing the need for modernity and preservation. Using a case study approach, the research examines three significant historic sites: Owo Palace, Deji of Akure’s Palace, and Jaekel House in Lagos. The analysis focuses on the preservation challenges posed by environmental conditions, material deterioration, and urban encroachment, alongside the need to integrate modern utilities and functions without compromising the cultural and historical integrity of structures. The findings highlight the effectiveness of stakeholder engagement, including collaboration between traditional authorities, local artisans, and conservation experts, in ensuring that modernization efforts were culturally sensitive and functionally sustainable. This study concludes that a holistic approach to preservation and modernization, guided by regulatory frameworks and community involvement, is essential for the transformation of historic buildings to meet contemporary needs while preserving their cultural and architectural heritage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fashuyi Olugbenga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Introducing the Masterpieces Adjacent to the Naghsh-e-Jahan Square of Isfahan, Iran
Isfahan is called “Nesf-e-Jahan” in the Persian language, which means “half of the world” due to its magnificent constructions, especially during the Safavid period. Naghsh-e-Jahan Square is one of the glorious architectural masterpieces in Isfahan, containing the Imam/Shah Mosque, the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, the Gheysariye Entrance, and Aalighapu. This complex, with its masterpieces, is the symbol of Isfahan in Iran, undervalued internationally. This article aims to introduce these historic buildings worldwide for the preservation of this significant complex in Isfahan. After brief research about Isfahan, the Naghsh-e-Jahan Square, Imam/Shah Mosque, Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Gheysariye Entrance, and Aalighapu are presented expansively. This historic research is based on a qualitative method and personal observations of the author. The results of this article can be useful for preservationists and conservationists in the field of cultural heritage, architects, interior designers, and urban planners for designing in the historical context of ancient cities.
Social Memory from Production to Consumption; The Case of Samsun City Centre
Cities have continued their existence with a dynamic process since their existence and have taken their present form. Some actors of this dynamic process have determined how cities will be shaped by creating ruptures in the historical process. The 18th century industrial revolution brought many new spaces to cities. These spaces can be classified as factory areas where various production processes take place, worker housing and transport structures that will serve factory areas. Factory areas are planned with functional location selection within the city and integrated with transportation. For this reason, they are located in city centre locations. Over time, with the changing urbanisation patterns and the expansion of the city and the change of urbanisation dynamics with new urbanisation paradigms, these factory areas have become dysfunctional over time by being squeezed as large land uses in the central locations of the cities. This study examines the transformation processes of industrial heritage areas located in Samsun city centre and the effects of these areas on social memory.
Copyright (c) 2025 Onur GENÇ, Tuğçe ŞANLI KATI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Resilience Strategies of Ottoman Architecture between the 15th and 16th Centuries. Case Study of the Restoration of the Columns at the Bardo National Museum in Algiers
This article examines the intersection of cultural and architectural history in Algeria during the Ottoman period, with the Bardo Museum in Algiers as a key example. The National Bardo Museum is a significant symbol of Algeria's cultural and historical identity, having undergone various architectural changes that mirror the evolution of Algerian society and culture. Notable features, such as the architraves and columns, serve as silent witnesses to the nation’s turbulent history. Restoring these elements is vital for preserving this unique heritage and ensuring its legacy for future generations. This research aims to deepen understanding of professional practices related to both material and immaterial heritage restoration. Specifically, it examines the restoration process of the museum's architraves and columns, detailing the methodologies employed, the challenges faced, and the outcomes achieved throughout the restoration efforts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lahlou Sihem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Architecture, Art, and Memory: Tracing Ceramic Panels in Denizli
This study is the first detailed record of architectural ceramic panels in Denizli, Çamlık, offering important information about how architecture and ceramic design come together. Although architectural-artistic cooperation has been thoroughly investigated in major cities such as Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, research in regional contexts is scarce. This study examines the ceramic creations of Mehmet Tüzüm Kızılcan and Fatma Ilgın Şekerci, evaluating their contributions through archival material, site visits, and direct interviews. Furthermore, this study questions the broader impact and prevalence of architecture-art collaborations beyond major urban centers. The research highlights the societal changes in Denizli, especially the evolving urban landscape of Çamlık, where these artistic interventions are integrated. Beyond aesthetics, these panels reflect historical and social dynamics, marking shifts in architectural discourse. By bridging modernist architectural trends with traditional motifs, these works enrich the visual identity of public and residential spaces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elifcan Duygun, Saniye Fışgın Korkmaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Introduction to Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex as One of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Iran
Tabriz is one of the ancient cities in the northwest of Iran that has suffered from natural disasters like severe earthquakes and floods throughout history. Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Iran, the biggest covered bazaar worldwide. This historic complex has faced several earthquakes, floods, and fire accidents, but has survived each time and still serves as the most important commercial part of the city. This article aims to introduce this UNESCO World Heritage Site internationally for the preservation of this significant complex in Tabriz. After brief research about Tabriz, the Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex is introduced comprehensively. This historical research is based on a qualitative method and personal observations of the author. The results of this article can be useful for preservationists and conservationists in the field of cultural heritage, architects, interior designers, and urban planners of ancient cities.
Determination of Cultural Landscape Values: Case of Sındırgı
Cultural landscape is defined as areas where the built environment and natural formations formed by human activities come together and are shaped in interaction with human culture and identity. These areas include various elements such as agricultural lands, urban and rural settlements, historical buildings, sacred places, intangible cultural heritage elements. Identification of cultural landscape values is of great importance in sustainable urban and rural planning studies together with aesthetic concerns. In addition, it contributes to the protection of place-specific historical and cultural heritage values and the formation of local identity. In this study, it is aimed to determine the cultural landscape values in Sındırgı, Balıkesir. Within the scope of the study, interviews were conducted with local administration, relevant public institutions and local people. The data, information and documents obtained were evaluated and on-site observations and analyses were made. As a result of the study, the cultural landscape values of Sındırgı will be defined, their importance will be emphasised and a perspective on the protection of these values will be presented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayşegül Ağan, Figen Altıner https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Patri_Patter; Digital Portal with Adaptative Paradigms for the Recognition of Architectural Heritage
This summary deals with the proposal of an original method for architectural knowledge. The subject matter is architectural elements and their recognition as adaptable paradigms; interpretable and reusable. Our methodological scheme is heuristic and groups a morphogenetic protocol in synchronicity with a spatio-temporal process of narrative semiotics. It includes a morphological analysis of the genetic environment of the city under study (Blida), and the environment, the demonstration of adaptive use according to passive design and the evaluation of solar flux.The aim is to propose a design tool suitable for the sketching phase of sustainable projects. The result is the digital portal Patri_Patter, which corresponds to the ontological protocol (data, information, knowledge). Patri_Patter contains analytical, evaluative and interpretative sheets according to three levels of significant reading, namely referencing, adaptation and validation. They are available to actors who are committed to the added value of neighbourhoods and the improvement of social life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manel Djazia TIAR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Assessing Urban Identity: An Applied Approach to the Case of Ataşehir
This study explores urban identity through theoretical and practical dimensions to preserve and enhance the unique characteristics of cities. Rapid urbanization, unplanned development, and homogenization threaten urban identity and undermine the sense of belonging. The research examines the elements that influence urban identity and assesses existing literature on identity loss and its implications for urban planning. By integrating theoretical discourse with an applied case study in Ataşehir, this study aims to provide a practical tool for urban planning processes. The research methodology builds on Mansour, Alves, and Costa’s comprehensive approach to assessing urban identity, tested in a real-world urban context. Findings will provide concrete insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology while guiding planners in preserving urban identity. The study enhances the literature by bridging theoretical and practical perspectives, emphasizing urban identity as a dynamic and evolving concept.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tuğçe Kaya, Göksenin İnalhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adaptive Reuse vs. New Construction: Sustainable Transformation of a Transit Hostel at IIT Kharagpur
With the increasing demand for built spaces, it is essential for us to be mindful about its environmental impact and hence aim to minimize new construction. This paper investigates the adaptive reuse of a transit hostel at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur (est. 1951) into a wellness and counselling centre for students, juxtaposed against the option of new construction. The research is guided by critical parameters, including heritage value, cost efficiency, environmental impact, and functional adaptability. A comparative cost-benefit analysis, using the above-mentioned parameters, serves as the central methodological framework, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Furthermore, repurposing the transit hostel preserves its heritage value while accommodating the necessary transformations for a modern counselling facility. This research contributes to the discourse on sustainable campus planning by showing the differences between new construction and adaptive reuse. It offers a replicable framework for similar initiatives, bridging heritage conservation with contemporary needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kunal Tanwani, Arjun Mukerji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Bridging Tangible and Intangible: A Pedagogical Model for Mediterranean Cities in Architectural Education
This study examines an innovative pedagogical approach tested through the course "Mediterranean Cities: Realities vs. Representations" at the Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AAST) in Cairo, Egypt, from Fall 2022 to Fall 2023. Involving about 20 students per semester in 4–5 groups, the course explored 16 Mediterranean cities—Naples, Crete Island, Benghazi, Marseille, Oran, Mallorca, Istanbul, Barcelona, Venice, Athens, Valencia, Tunis, Algiers, Palermo, Rome, and Latakia—using a multidisciplinary lens. It blended tangible elements (e.g., urban morphology, architecture) with intangible aspects (e.g., cuisine, literature, cinema) through lectures, group studies, and experiential outputs like fashion mannequins, virtual reality (VR) tours, and cultural booths. A qualitative analysis of student work over three semesters reveals improved understanding of urban and sociocultural dynamics, proposing a framework for transdisciplinary architectural education that enhances critical thinking and cultural engagement across diverse regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mougibelrahman Aboamer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Protecting Cultural Heritage in Cambodia: Developing Heritage Protection Criteria for Tangible Cultural Assets in Phnom Penh of the Post-Colonial Period
Urbanization in Cambodia in 2023 is 24% and is expected to increase further. This urban growth has resulted in significant transformations as it is often rapid and uncontrolled, leading to changes in land use and landscape. This research examines the tension between urban growth and the protection of cultural heritage, specifically from the French colonial period (1863-1979) to more recent eras, which are often undervalued compared to older structures like Angkor Wat. Heritage conservation faces many challenges, with a notable issue is the absence of a legal framework due to the lack of a clear definition of heritage property and the absence of a publicly available list of protected sites. This research employs a comparative analysis, examining Cambodia’s existing heritage protection criteria alongside those of selected countries in the Asia-Pacific region. This research aims to identify current challenges, regulations, planning strategies, and case studies, including the development of heritage criteria, and propose an implementation plan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kanika Phorn https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Colour of Space: Mapping the Urban Conservation Zones of Samsun
Colour in architecture is not only an aesthetic element but also a determinant of social memory and urban identity. In this context, the main subject of the study is to examine the connection of the colour-form-material relationship with the space of the registered buildings located in Samsun urban conservation zones numbered I, II and III. Methodologically, a data set was prepared by using geographical information systems within the scope of the registered buildings documented by fieldwork. Thus, the relationship between prominent colour uses and urban space was revealed through visual analysis and mapping techniques. it is aimed to establish a spatial connection. In this respect, the study, which reveals the colour issue with quantitative data, makes an important contribution to the literature. In addition, it is aimed that the study can form a basis for future restoration processes and contribute to the development of conservation policies. As a result of the study, the relationship between building and space is revealed and the effect of the use of colour on the urban space of the buildings under protection is revealed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vedia Derda Taşar, Merve Söyleyici, Aysima Erel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Effect of Vernacular Architecture on Human Well-being: Analysis of Selected Case of Bellapais Monastery
Vernacular architecture is a cultural asset that reflects the identity, life culture and history of a society. In this context, sustainable protection of vernacular architecture within the scope of cultural heritage is important. The concept of well-being, which exists within the scope of the United Nations sustainable development goals, expresses the state of being physically, mentally and emotionally healthy for individuals. At this point, architecture offers spaces that satisfy individuals and allow them to be happy. Therefore, architecture is associated with well-being. It is directly related to vernacular architecture, which is a synthesis of adaptation to climate, use of natural and local materials and cultural reflections. Bellapais village was selected for this study, which provides peace and aesthetic satisfaction to its residents and visitors with its stone houses, narrow streets and design compatible with the natural environment, local identity and cultural belonging. Another important feature of the study area is the existence of the Bellapais Monastery, which is an important cultural heritage of Cyprus. Depending on the purpose of the study, the relationship between vernacular architecture/cultural heritage and well-being is evaluated in line with the perceptions of users and visitors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aslı Sarıdaş, Mustafa Eyyamoğlu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Modernity Meets Identity: Urban and Social Transformation in Gulf Cities
This study examines the transformative role of urban structures in Gulf cities as agents of social change, aiming to understand how globalization and oil-driven urbanization have shaped their socio-cultural dynamics and built environments. Using Appadurai’s theoretical framework of “scapes,” the research explores key aspects such as architectural evolution, governance, and the integration of tradition and modernity. Methodologically, it employs a comparative analysis of Gulf cities, utilizing urban planning documents, historical analysis, and socio-spatial theories to investigate the reciprocal relationship between physical urban forms and social processes. The results highlight challenges such as socio-economic disparities, cultural negotiation, and environmental sustainability, while showcasing the diverse urban trajectories of Gulf cities shaped by global and local influences. The study concludes that Gulf cities exemplify the complexities of modern urbanization, contributing to the field by providing insights into the dynamic interplay of global forces and local identities in urban development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yasser Mahgoub https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Karaköy to Galataport: A Case Study of Sterile Architecture's Effects
The concept of "sterility" emerged in the early twentieth century in conjunction with modernist thought, initially associated with notions of hygiene, health, and cleanliness. In architecture, modernism introduced rational and universal design principles, promoting order, uniformity, and an authoritative design language aimed at constructing idealized environments. This led to the proliferation of standardized, homogeneous, and ostensibly flawless structures—what this study defines as "sterile architecture." This paper explores the implicit presence of this concept within architectural discourse, critically examining its urban and spatial implications. It aims to foster a discussion on how sterile architecture contributes to urban transformation processes through the lenses of universalization, simplification, detachment, and authoritarianism. The Galataport Project, developed from the former Karaköy Salıpazarı port area in Istanbul, serves as the case study. The research incorporates site observations, photography, and schematic documentation. In addition, a survey targeting professionals, including architects, academics, and graduate students, was conducted to evaluate human-space interactions shaped by the transformation. The findings, derived from both quantitative and qualitative data, are analyzed across three dimensions: physical, social, and perceptual, highlighting the project's multifaceted impacts on urban life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gizem Öztürk, Gülçin Pulat Gökmen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Socio-Cultural Impact of Mega Projects on Rural Areas: The Case of Yalova (Çiftlikköy) - Kılıç and Laledere Villages
Mega projects include large-scale industrial areas, bridges, airports and transportation investments. The impact of these projects, which are effective in sectors such as agriculture, industry, transportation, infrastructure and energy, is mostly read through cities. The spatial dimension of the repercussions of these projects in large areas such as cities is mostly addressed and the impact on rural areas, which are the feeder elements of the city, is not sufficiently emphasized. This study will examine the socio-cultural impacts of mega projects on rural areas through Yalova (Çiftlikköy) - Kılıç and Laledere Villages. Using qualitative research methods, the study will be analyzed through in-depth interviews and field studies. The research aims to examine the perception of the local people by revealing the socio-cultural changes in rural areas together with the transformation of the space. Since the study will examine the structure in rural areas on a sub-scale, in the context of the views of local people and the administration, it will allow closer and direct observation of the changes in the social life of individuals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Beyzanur Uzun, Gökçen Kılınç Ürkmez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Community-Centric Architectural Design for Stray Animal Shelters in Bahrain: Redesigning Spaces for Human-Animal Interaction and Cultural Engagement
Overcrowding, underfunded nature and low adoption rates pose a challenge to stray animal shelters in Bahrain which may have devastating effects on animal welfare and community engagement (Nagel, 2018; Weisser & Hauck, 2024). This study introduces community-centric architecture design as a solution to solve the problem by reflecting upon Humane Architecture, Biophilic Design, Place making, Environmental Psychology to change public perceptions, instill empathy and enhance animal welfare (Applebaum et al., 2021; Rupprecht & Grimm, 2025). The paper used a mixed methods methodology using semi structured interviews, focus groups, and observational case studies to determine stakeholder perspectives and spatial dynamics (Boone et al., 2021; Creswell & Plano Clark, 2018). Best practice from comparative case studies are applied to Bahrain appropriately. The study also responds to Bahrain Economic Vision 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 11) and advocates for the shift of a paradigm from isolationist sheltering to the integrated and community driven public spaces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ghaida Mohamed, Najla Allani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Carbon Profiles of Mongolian Dwellings: Ger vs. Baishin
This study evaluates the carbon footprints of two traditional Mongolian dwellings—the portable Ger and the self-built Baishin—through a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA). The Ger, prevalent among nomadic communities, relies on wood and coal-fired stoves for heating, leading to high operational emissions despite its minimal embodied carbon. Conversely, the Baishin, a permanent structure constructed from timber, bricks, or concrete, incurs higher embodied emissions but can achieve reduced operational emissions with effective insulation. Utilising OpenLCA and the Ecoinvent v3.11 database, the analysis spans material extraction, construction, operational energy use, and end-of-life disposal under typical Mongolian conditions. Results highlight the Ger’s lower cumulative energy demand (880,446,708 MJEq) and ecological footprint (59,409 m²a) compared to the Baishin’s higher impacts (934,217,037 MJEq and 279,801,890 m²a). These findings underscore the potential for energy-efficient retrofitting and sustainable material choices to mitigate emissions. The study provides actionable insights for developing low-carbon housing strategies tailored to Mongolia’s cold climate, contributing to climate change mitigation while preserving cultural heritage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Uelun-Ujin Purev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Spaces in Low-Rise Residential Units in India: Urban vs Rural
pen spaces are vital in the spatial, climatic, and socio-cultural fabric of residential architecture. While vernacular rural homes integrate open spaces as multifunctional, climate-responsive elements, urban low-rise residences often treat them as regulatory obligations. Byelaws-driven setbacks have led to a significant gap in understanding how spatial configurations affect microclimate, ventilation, lighting, neighborhood interactions, and openings. This study undertakes a comparative, cross-regional analysis of open spaces in low-rise residential units across urban and rural India, integrating literature review, case studies, spatial composition mapping, and referring to building byelaws and codes. Findings reveal that rural, human-driven open spaces – particularly central courtyards and organically placed courtyards – outperform urban setback-based configurations in terms of microclimate regulations (up to 3 °C lower temperature and better daylight penetration), cross ventilation, and multifunctionality. Though compliant with building byelaws, urban setbacks often result in fragmented, underutilized, and climatically inefficient open spaces. Study recommends that the learnings from regional vernacular architecture be incorporated in urban building byelaws.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manoj Panwar, Riya Paulast https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Identification of Challenges Hindering Effective Stakeholder Management in Construction Projects
This study investigates challenges in the Turkish construction sector regarding stakeholder management. It aims to identify the key challenges that hinder effective stakeholder management, assess their frequency, and evaluate their significance. To achieve this aim, a systematic literature review (SLR) identified 69 potential barriers to effective stakeholder management in construction projects. A survey was developed based on the results of SLR and administered online and in person to various key stakeholders, including architects, civil engineers, material suppliers, and contractors. Data were collected from 164 project stakeholders across Turkey and analyzed using quantitative methods using SPSS 29.0. The study highlights the challenges impeding stakeholder management, providing insights into their frequency, impact, and importance rankings. By addressing these challenges, the research improves stakeholder management practices, ultimately fostering a more efficient and sustainable construction process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emine Yüksel Deniz, Gulden Gumusburun Ayalp https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mechanical and Environmental Performance of Iron ore Tailing-based Geopolymers
Recent studies show iron ore tailings IOT possibilities as a sustainable substitute in geopolymer production. With an estimated 1.2 billion tons stored in tailings dams worldwide each year, iron ore tailings disposal poses significant environmental challenges. These tailings occupy land, polluting soil and water, and pose a risk of dam failure. Geopolymers, commonly known as sustainable replacements for conventional concrete and reductions in cement usage, are one of the most important sources of CO₂ emissions. Despite the emphasis on the sustainability of IOT-based geopolymers, most articles only focused on mechanical aspects and haven’t analyzed environmental aspects. This article addresses this research gap by examining the mechanical properties, durability, and environmental performance of IOT-based geopolymers via life cycle assessment. Results reveal that including IOT in geopolymers increases their compressive strength, up to 50 MPa, and improves. LCA results show the better performance of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide compared to potassium silicate and potassium hydroxide.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohsen Khezerloo Aghdam, Milad Gholipour, Mahshid Rahmani Dehkordi, GhorbanAli Dezvareh, Taghi Ebadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Stadiums as Widespan Structures in Cameroon: Case Study of Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium and Olembe Paul Biya Stadium
Stadiums are widespan structures that represent complex architectural and engineering achievements that blend structural innovation with cultural significance. This research investigates the structural systems and architectural design of two prominent Cameroonian stadiums: the Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium and the Olembe Paul Biya Stadium. Using a comprehensive methodology that integrates architectural analysis, historical research, and detailed case study assessment, the study examines; the evolution, technological advancements, and contextual challenges of stadium construction in Cameroon. By combining qualitative architectural analysis with structural quantitative evaluations, this study provides a framework for understanding stadium design. Furthermore, this research investigates the structural components of these stadiums, focusing on roof structures, technological innovations, and contextual adaptations. Key findings highlight the importance of balancing innovation, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and safety in widespan design. The findings contribute to global discourse on stadium architecture, offering insights into how local contexts influence structural design. Finally, Technical guidelines and recommendations are proposed for future stadium construction in Cameroon and in the African region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erna–Audrey Mangaleu Toukam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Pedestrian Safety and Sustainable Urban Planning: A Literature Review on Walkable City Design
Approaching green infrastructure and walking-based urbanism is the need for an hour in an urban context; hence, the life of a cyclic plan becomes essential. This study conducted a literature review addressing measures to improve pedestrian safety and comfort in urban spaces. At the design level, core strategies such as sidewalk expansion, restricted access pedestrian only areas, and integrated green spaces were explored in terms of their contribution to minimizing traffic incidents and promoting sustainable movements. The examination of pedestrian/cycle-centric planning lacks existing research, particularly in determining socioeconomic effects. Through a synthesis of recent studies, this review seeks to provide actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers to promote walkable, safe, and inclusive cities. The findings enhance the understanding of how pedestrian-focused designs improve safety, promote environmental sustainability, and improve public health while providing implications for future research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mehmet Tevfik Seferoğlu, Jafar Allahverdiyev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Managing Disputes in the Construction Sector: The Perspective of Project Managers
The global construction industry is expected to increase by 42% between 2020 and 2030; its contribution to national economies is rising. However, this growth increases the disputes that arise during project management processes. Disputes place an additional burden on the judicial system and cause serious economic losses. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop more effective processes. This research examines the root causes of disputes and proposes solutions. Within the scope of the study, the ability of project managers, directly involved in all stages of construction projects, to evaluate these disputes from a broad perspective is examined. In this context, a survey was administered to project managers who have worked on construction projects in Türkiye and have been involved in disputes, and 123 valid data points were collected. The results were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The study includes the preliminary findings of a master's thesis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emine YAVUZ, Savaş BAYRAM, Mahmut SARI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Wireless Open-Source Sensor Technology for Monitoring Concrete Mechanical Properties in Sustainable Constructions
This paper explores the use of wireless open-source sensor technology to monitor concrete and environmental parameters in energy-efficient, resilient, and sustainable construction. Accurate monitoring of structural and environmental conditions is essential to optimize building performance. The proposed system employs low-cost, wireless sensors with NodeMCU ESP8266 WiFi modules to gather real-time data on concrete properties, including temperature and humidity, during the casting and curing stages, along with other environmental factors affecting the structure. By integrating open-source technology, the system provides a cost-effective solution for continuous monitoring, enabling early detection of issues such as material degradation or energy inefficiencies. This paper discusses the design, implementation, and benefits of the system, highlighting its role in improving building durability and reducing environmental impact. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in supporting sustainable construction practices and enhancing building resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Behnam Mobaraki, Abdollah Mobaraki, Mojdeh Nikoofam, Neda Mobaraki, Ehsan Hosseinzadehfard https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Optimizing Natural Lighting to Reduce Discomfort and Mobility Issues in Schools for Visually Impaired Children, Bangladesh
Proper natural lighting is essential for developing comfortable learning environments, especially for visually impaired children. It develops general comfort and spatial awareness and lowers visual strain. However, typical schools in Bangladesh frequently lack proper lighting solutions. While improper lighting makes the learning process difficult for normally sighted children, the impact for visually challenged students is much worse as it directly affects their mobility training. The study assesses existing lighting conditions in a typical classroom of the existing modular school building and offers practical design interventions like strategic window placement or shading screens. Problems are identified by simulating the lighting condition through high-fidelity software, and practical modifications are suggested based on simulating each design intervention. The findings will guide architects, educators, and policymakers in developing inclusive learning settings. This study emphasizes the importance of well-designed natural lighting in improving educational outcomes for visually impaired children in Bangladesh.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nowshin Tabassum, Md Sabbir Ahsan, Sheikh Hameem, Md Faisal Mahmud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Quality of Student Life: Factors Affecting Students’ Perception and Use of a University Campus Built Environment
This paper aims to explore how the built environment of a university campus influences the quality of life of its students, the author investigated students’ perception and attitudes towards the use of various spatial components and outdoor open space of the campus to identify influential factors, including buildings layout, physical features, and outdoor thermal conditions, as well as students’ needs and behaviour . Students from (3) faculties within Jazan University Campus in Jazan city (Saudi Arabia) were used for the case study. The methodology included literature review about quality of life and campus design requirements , an electronic questionnaire, and on-site visual observations to record students uses and interactions with the surroundings. The findings provide valuable insights for planners and administrators to understand the factors that influence the students' perception to enhance their student’s quality of life. Further studies are recommended to explore these factors in different contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muna AHMED https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Daylight Parameters in Hospital Wards in Hot, Arid Regions: A Simulation Analysis in The Context of Saudi Arabia
The healing effect of daylight cannot be underestimated or overstated because multiple studies and research have revealed that exposure to natural light accelerates the healing or recovery process of patients. This research paper investigates the optimization of daylighting in hospital wards situated in hot, arid regions with a focus on Saudi Arabia. The study employed simulation tools to evaluate different daylighting strategies, aiming to improve energy efficiency and well-being. The research determined that patients in daylight rooms tend to experience less pain; this is a testament to the therapeutic effects of daylight. Consequently, daylighting decreases hospital stays and enhances mood and productivity among staff. The evaluation of the recent situation in the case study ward in a Saudi Arabia hospital established that the daylight levels are below the recommended standards and that the daylight varies between the identical wards due to the time of the day and ward direction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anas Hussein, Abdullah Elshafie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Architectural Strategies for Circadian Health: Evidence-Based Design Recommendations for Rhythmic Daylight in Healthcare Spaces
The design of built environments significantly influences rhythmic daylight exposure, impacting circadian health and well-being in healthcare settings. Despite increasing awareness of the role of daylight in healthcare architecture, patient rooms often fail to provide sufficient exposure to dynamic daylight cycles, potentially disturbing circadian regulation. This study employs an iterative analytical approach and a comprehensive review of daylighting strategies to develop 38 evidence-based design recommendations tailored to patients' circadian biological needs. These recommendations focus on factors such as opening size, geometry, orientation, shading devices, and high-performance glazing, aiming to enhance daylight conditions in healthcare spaces. Additionally, the study identifies critical gaps in existing research regarding architectural features and their effects on circadian health, highlighting the need for more focused guidance on design interventions. Ultimately, this research offers insights into architectural design and circadian biology, recommending future research directions for developing comprehensive guidelines to enhance recovery and performance in healing environments.
Investigation of the Impact of Light Colour on Surface Colour Perception: A Case Study on Red Surfaces
The perceived colour of a surface is governed by the spectral reflectance properties of the surface and the spectral power distribution of the illuminating light source. Accurate perception of surface colours is of paramount importance in museums and art galleries. The chromatic characteristics of the light used in exhibition spaces must be carefully chosen, considering the diverse attributes of the exhibits, and it is crucial to maintain the stability of this light colour across time and space. In galleries illuminated by natural daylight, the intensity and colour of light entering through windows vary throughout the day. Moreover, the use of supplementary artificial lighting at different times of the day can amplify changes in the ambient light colour, potentially altering the impact and meaning of artworks and diminishing the artist's intended message. This study investigates the variation in perceived surface colour as a function of the colour of the illuminating light. Red surfaces with varying levels of value and saturation, two spectral power distributions representative of daylight, and nine LED light sources were analysed as lighting conditions. The colour appearances of different surface-light combinations were calculated using the Yxy colour space. To illustrate how the perceived colour of an artwork shifts under different light sources, a geometric graphic design was developed and coloured according to specific colour schemes. The changes in the colours within this graphic, corresponding to varying light sources, were visualized using computer software. The findings emphasize the critical role of light colour in determining the perceived colours of artworks. These results offer valuable insights for the selection of suitable light sources not only for art exhibition spaces but also for other environments featuring colourful objects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Havva Gül Sümer, Leyla Dokuzer Öztürk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Post-Traumatic Cities: The Sense of Inclusiveness and the Impact of Universal Design, Beirut from 1960 until 2024
The aim of this study is to treat a significant gap found in Beirut in 2024: enhancing its inhabitants’ sense of inclusiveness in its public spaces. One effective potential approach posited to achieve this aim is the implementation of Universal Design (UD). A questionnaire was distributed to 150 Biartis in order to understand what in their eyes are the changes in public spaces impacting the urban connectivity of Beirut and its inhabitants use of these spaces, from 1960 until 2024. The findings revealed that the prewar sense of inclusiveness in Beirut was higher and that major reasons for a lack of inclusiveness and urban connectivity include the lack of UD implementation tackling both the types of vulnerability and disability specific to the post-disaster Beirut and the evolution of the war-created urban fragmentation. The results contribute in defining the specific UD to implement to enhance the sense of inclusiveness in Beirut.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria A. El Helou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Translational Medicine HUB at the University of Monterrey
The study aims to develop an architectural proposal for a research hub in translational medicine within the Medical School of Monterrey University's campus. The project addresses the need to integrate biomedical research with clinical practice, accelerating the transfer of scientific knowledge into therapeutic solutions and combining these efforts with educational activities. The article aims to illustrate the architectural design process. It begins by analyzing several case studies. The second phase describes the morphological conceptualization of the HUB, emphasizing the University's institutional vision, which combines interdisciplinary innovation within Mexico's legal and regulatory framework. The architectural and functional design prioritizes modular and flexible spaces that encourage collaboration between scientists, doctors, engineers, and researchers, leveraging cutting-edge technology. Specialized areas are considered for preclinical research, clinical trials, biotechnology development, laboratories, co-working spaces, and interaction with educational networks. The result is a sustainable building that operates in conjunction with Christus Muguerza Hospital.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sindy Melissa Godínez De León, Mariana Salazar Martínez, Nicole Manilla Huerta, María Sofía Rosales Arizpe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Basic Units: An Architectural Proposal for the Immigration Emergency in México
The present study analyzes the reuse of basic emergency shelter units, intending to adapt them as temporary shelters for deported migrants on the border between México and the United States. In the current geopolitical context, characterized by restrictive immigration policies and increased mass deportations, it is essential to provide efficient and sustainable housing solutions. The methodology used is based on a typological, functional, and structural analysis of different models of temporary shelters, evaluating their viability, adaptability, durability, thermal efficiency, and sustainability are considered, as well as integrating design strategies that improve habitability conditions. The results show that existing basic units can serve as shelters with minimal modifications, incorporating renewable energy systems, thermal insulation, and optimized space distribution. The research highlights the role of architecture as a key tool in responding to migration crises, promoting innovative and resilient solutions, and addressing the growing need for humanitarian infrastructure on the border.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sindy Melissa Godínez De León, Ruth María Garza de la Garza, Aíxa Carolina Becerra Vázquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/