The 3Rs(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) of Waste Management – An effective and Sustainable Approach for Managing Municipal Solid Waste in Developing Countries

Abstract

As the population of the world increases, more and more places are becoming urbanized; production and consumption rates are on a speedy rise. The inevitable consequence of high consumption rate around the world is the high volume of solid waste generated, thus, there is urgent need to properly manage generated wastes. The developing countries are at high risk of environmental degradation because of the way their solid waste is been handled due to lack of waste management infrastructures, policy framework and orientation.
This research is based on a comprehensive review of relevant scholarly written literatures for an in-depth understanding of the concept of waste, it sources, composition, treatment, disposal, and general management of MSW (municipal solid waste) in places around the world. In a more specific way by answering the WH(What and how) question on common and everyday items used and easily dispose of by individual. With the approach and framework brought forward by this study, it aims to meet economic and environmental obligations of the ecosystem.