The Aesthetics of Arabic Calligraphic and Islamic Formations in the Curtain of the Door of Kaaba: A Critical Artistic Study

Abstract

The Kaaba's covering carries inherited aesthetics with an ancient historical and cultural character. The curtain for the
door of the Holy Kaaba is an integral part of the design of the Kiswa of the Holy Kaaba, as it covers the door of the Holy
Kaaba. The door curtain of the Holy Kaaba is considered an immortal and unique Islamic artistic painting in terms of
the uniqueness of its design. Therefore, this study aims to apply the Western theory of art criticism (Feldman) to Arabic
calligraphy and the calligraphic formations embodied in the curtain of the door of the Holy Kaaba to demonstrate
aesthetic and artistic design values. The approach followed in this study is Feldman's approach to art criticism.
Feldman's methodology is considered a systematic and integrated critical methodology for describing and analyzing
artworks. In addition, this methodology enhances the aesthetic experience to understand art, its dimensions and
value. The tool used in the study is observation. The study population consists of linear and decorative units with
multiple styles. The study concluded that the curtain of the door of the Holy Kaaba is characterized by an abundance
of calligraphic formations and compositions and Islamic decorative plant units.