Identifying and Prioritizing Barriers to Construction 4.0 Adoption

Abstract

The transition to Construction 4.0 has the potential to transform productivity, sustainability, and decision-making across the construction industry; however, its adoption remains low in Turkey. This study aims to systematically determine and rank the key challenges hindering the implementation of Construction 4.0. A systematic literature review identifies technological, organizational, financial, regulatory, and human-related barriers to the adoption of Construction 4.0. A mixed research approach is adopted, and reliability and relative importance index (RII) are employed to evaluate the relative importance of these challenges and to reveal their interdependencies. The findings indicate that skills and training deficiencies, high initial investment costs, data interoperability, and organizational resistance to change are perceived as the most critical obstacles. By prioritizing these challenges, the study provides a clearer understanding of where policymakers, practitioners, and educators should focus their efforts. The results contribute to ongoing debates on digital transformation in construction and offer practical guidance.