Caravanserais and Urbanization in Anatolia: Spatial and Functional Perspectives

Abstract

Caravanserais are among the most significant architectural structures that emerged with the development of historical trade routes. Initially constructed to provide accommodation, security, and commercial services for merchants and travelers, they played an important role in the economic and spatial organization of settlements. However, as trade systems evolved and urbanization processes accelerated, caravanserais underwent significant spatial and functional transformations. The construction of these structures, which began in the 8th century and continued until the 20th century, reflects their long-standing contribution to the socio-economic development of Anatolia. This study examines the relationship between caravanserais and urbanization in Anatolia from spatial and functional perspectives. It explores how urban growth, changing commercial activities, and the expansion of urban centers influenced the location, spatial organization, scale, and functions of caravanserais over time. Attention is given to the transformation of these structures from facilities serving trade routes into components of urban commercial and social life. Based on selected examples from Anatolia, the study evaluates the interaction between caravanserais and the urban fabric, highlighting their role in the formation and development of urban commercial spaces. The findings suggest that caravanserais should be understood not only as elements of transportation and trade networks but also as integral components of urbanization. In this context, the study contributes to a broader understanding of caravanserais' role in shaping the spatial and functional development of Anatolian cities.