A Phenomenological Critique of Normative Design Standards in Healthcare Architecture: An Evaluation through the Concept of Genius Loci

Abstract

This study critically examines national and international normative design standards used in the architectural planning of healthcare facilities within the framework of architectural theory. Healthcare buildings require a specialized planning approach due to their high technical requirements and complex operational structures. In this context, the design process is largely guided by normative documents that define spatial organization and technical requirements. However, these documents predominantly describe space through technical and functional criteria, while qualitative aspects such as user experience, spatial meaning, and contextual identity remain limited. The research is grounded in Christian Norberg-Schulz’s phenomenological approach and the concept of genius loci. Healthcare design guidelines from different countries are analyzed comparatively. The findings reveal that while normative standards successfully meet functional requirements, they are limited in terms of spatial meaning and user experience. The study emphasizes the need for more holistic and place oriented design approaches in healthcare architecture.