University Science and Technology Innovation Parks as Catalysts for Smart and Sustainable Cities: A Systematic Review of Global Models

Abstract

University Science and Technology Innovation Parks (USTIPs) play a crucial role in shaping knowledge-based economies and advancing the transformation towards smart and sustainable cities. This paper systematically reviews global studies to examine how USTIPs function as important hubs for urban innovation, sustainable development, and design transformation. The review synthesizes key findings from global models, focusing on architectural strategies, spatial organization, digital infrastructures, sustainability practices, and policy frameworks that influence the performance of USTIPs. The findings indicate that well-designed USTIPs help facilitate the development of smart city by promoting technology transfer, enhancing university–industry–government collaboration, and utilizing IoT and AI technologies to achieve a sustainable urban environment. In urban design, USTIPs help promote compact city growth, urban walkability, climate-resilient planning, and low-carbon city development. The study concludes by highlighting key design and policy implications aimed at strengthening USTIPs as strategic catalysts for future urban innovation and sustainable city development.