Towards A Hybrid Urban Framework Integrating Eco-City, New Urbanism, and Greyfield Precinct Regeneration in Bahrain

Abstract

Sustainability today requires that cities become the central point for managing the climate and urbanization crises, serving as pivotal spaces for transitions. This paper examines how green strategies, New Urbanism, and the Eco-Digital City can be integrated into an urban development model. Hybrid framework is obtained by comparing the synthesis of spatial, ecological and digital spaces across the chosen urban models. It analyses possible ways in which eco-digital governance-based frameworks can regenerate compact, walkable, and participatory neighborhoods. The Eco–Digital City model is focused on a hybrid model that creates urban green infrastructure powered by Smart Technologies and is a co–design model created by citizens. The study presents a proposal for Bahrain’s urban evolution, grounded in global case studies and the Greyfield Precinct Regeneration (GPR) framework. The integration of biophilic design, participatory planning, and adaptive governance is presented in strategic policy recommendations that can support their implementation within the national urban policy framework.