Design Elements in the Spatial Integration of Public Transport Nodes with Their Environments Within the Context of Sustainable Urban Mobility

Abstract

Investment in transportation infrastructure centred on motorized vehicles has exacerbated sustainability challenges, including traffic congestion, air pollution, and a deterioration of urban space quality. In response to these challenges, increasing attention has been directed toward advancing public transport systems and adopting pedestrian-oriented urban mobility strategies. Consequently, the spatial integration of active transport modes with public transport networks has become a critical concern. This paper identifies key design elements for integrating public transport nodes with their environments, based on data from research indexed in the Scopus database between 2010 and 2025. The findings indicate that these design elements can be classified into three main dimensions: structural (configuration, connectivity, and permeability), functional (accessibility, walkability, and land-use diversity), and perceptual (wayfinding, visual continuity, and visibility). Furthermore, the methods used to analyse the relationship between public transport nodes and their environments are divided into three distinct approaches: observation-based quantitative, perception-based qualitative, and GIS-based accessibility analyses.