The Alarming State of Tebessa’s Archaeological Heritage in Algeria: Between Marginalisation and Preservation

Abstract

Historic cities in Algeria face intense urban pressures that often marginalise archaeological
heritage in public policy, despite its cultural significance. This paper aims to expose the dete
riorated state of Tebessa's archaeological heritage and to highlight the urgent need for a coher
ent preservation strategy. Tebessa, known since Antiquity as Theveste, contains an exceptional
legacy shaped by Berber, Roman, Byzantine, Arab and French periods, yet this heritage is now
in critical condition. The study adopts a qualitative diagnostic approach based on direct field
observation, documentary review, and interviews with local authorities, focusing on the Gate
of Caracalla and the Byzantine wall. Findings reveal multiple forms of degradation, including
pollution, neglect, misuse, and inappropriate restoration that have compromised authenticity.
Deterioration results not from ageing alone but from weak governance and unscientific inter
ventions. Effective preservation requires a scientific, interdisciplinary and preventive approach
rooted in international principles. Safeguarding Tebessa's heritage is an urban and societal re
sponsibility demanding immediate institutional action.