Folk Architecture in Northern Luzon: Rare and Surviving Examples of Fil-Hispanic Houses in the Philippines

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of the folk architecture of the Itawit community in the Northern Philippines by analysing how carpentry practices have shaped the transformation of their traditional dwellings around the 1930s. Using comparative analysis on samples of heritage houses, including field observation, architectural documentation, historical review, interviews with elders, local carpenters, and shamans, this examines the transition from traditional Itawit construction practices toward a merger with external influences, often referred to as Arquitectura Mestiza – a combination of indigenous and foreign influences. Findings indicate that while traditional Itawit practices remain present, modern tools and materials have gradually altered façade architecture, structural forms, spatial organization, and building technology. The research concludes that carpentry has played a major role in the transition from purely indigenous Itawit houses to a more hybrid form, where traditional culture remains combined with modern practices, which should be continued to be recorded, recognized, and preserved.